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VARK Learning Styles
There are many different ways of categorizing learning style, but Neil
Fleming's VARK model is one of the most popular. Fleming introduced an
inventory in 1987 that was designed to help students and others learn
more about their individual learning preferences.
The four VARK learning styles are visual learners, aural learners, reading
and writing learners, and kinesthetic learners.
Visual Learner
A Visual learner prefers to learn through seeing and observing. They
understand and remember information better when it's presented in
diagrams, charts, maps, symbols, and other visual formats—rather than
just written or spoken words.
Methods of Visual Learner
Learning Method Description
Diagrams & Charts Learning through visuals like mind maps, graphs,
infographics, flowcharts.
Color-Coding Using colors to highlight or organize notes and
categories.
Pictures & Images Studying illustrations, maps, or visual
presentations.
Watching Videos Understanding through educational videos or
animations.
Spatial Arrangement Organizing information spatially, like in tables or
visual planners.
Example of Visual Learner
I watched my sister ride the bicycle. I noticed how she balanced, how she
held the handlebars, and how she used the pedals. Watching her helped
me understand what I was supposed to do. Even watching YouTube
videos made it clearer.
Reading & Writing learner
According to the VARK learning style model, a Reading/Writing learner is
someone who learns best through words, particularly written words. This
type of learner prefers to read texts and write things down to process and
retain information effectively.
Methods of Reading & Writing Learner
Method Description
Reading Reading books, notes, articles, and manuals.
Note-taking Writing detailed notes during lectures or from
reading material.
Summarizing Creating summaries, outlines, or bullet points from
larger texts.
Rewriting Rewriting notes in their own words helps reinforce
Information understanding.
Using Lists Organizing information into lists or headings for
better recall.
Example of Reading & Writing Learner
As an Occupational Therapy student with a Read and Write learning
style, I found that I learned best by taking detailed notes during lectures
and rewriting them in my own words. When studying conditions like
stroke or cerebral palsy, I preferred reading textbooks, journal articles,
and handouts. I would make lists, bullet points, and summaries in my
notebook to help me remember key assessments and intervention
techniques. During my fieldwork, I always carried a small notebook
where I wrote down important observations, client goals, and therapy
plans, which helped reinforce my understanding better than just
listening or watching.
Kinesthetic Learner
A Kinesthetic learner learns best by doing, touching, and experiencing. They
prefer hands-on activities, real-life examples, and physical movement to
understand and remember information.
Characteristics of Kinesthetic Learner
1. Hands-On Learning:
Prefer to touch, manipulate, and try things themselves.
Learn best through doing.
2. Movement-Based Learning:
Often need to move around while studying.
Focus better when physically engaged (e.g., walking while reading notes).
3. Physical Memory:
Use gestures or act out concepts to remember them.
Characteristics of Kinesthetic Learner
4. Use of Tools and Materials:
Prefer to using physical objects like models or flashcards.
5. Strong Motor Memory:
Often excel in activities requiring coordination and manual skills.
6. Preference for Active Participation:
Prefer group activities, role-plays, and real-life scenarios.
Benefit from practical examples and fieldwork.
Example of Kinesthetic Learner
1. An occupational therapy student is learning how to safely transfer a
patient from a wheelchair to a bed.
Student practices the full transfer process like adjusting the wheelchair,
locking wheels, removing footrests, and executing pivot or slide board
transfers (Hands-On Learning).Here, student practicing with actual
wheelchairs, slide boards, and transfer belts(use of Tools and
Materials).Also , Students take turns acting as the therapist and patient,
explore scenarios such as patients with hemiplegia(Preference for
Active Participation).
Example of Kinesthetic Learner
2. I didn’t know the concepts or broad implications of the methodology
that i learned in research methodology but in making a research
proposal I conceptualised them thoroughly through
kinaesthetic learning
Reference
1. VARK Learn Limited. (2025, April 2). VARK Learning Styles. VARK - Helping You Learn Better.
https://vark-learn.com/
2. MSEd, K. C. (2024, December 3). Exploring VARK learning styles: Which one boosts your learning potential?
Verywell Mind. https://www.verywellmind.com/vark-learning-styles-2795156
