The
Respirator
system
y
GRADE 9 SCIENCE
MR. JONATHAN HUFANCIA AZAŇA
SCIENCE TEACHER
The Respiratory
RespiratorySystem
System: Oxygen Delivery
System
The respiratory system is the set of organs that allows
a person to breathe and exchange oxygen and carbon
dioxide throughout the body.
The integrated system of organs involved in the
intake and exchange of oxygen and carbon
dioxide between the body and the environment
and including the nasal passages, larynx,
The trachea, bronchial
respiratory system tubes, and lungs.
performs two major
tasks:
Exchanging air between the body and the outside
environment known as external respiration.
Bringing oxygen to the cells and removing carbon
dioxide from them referred to as internal
Nose
Mouth
Bronchial tubes
Trachea
Lung
Respiratory
System
Diaphragm
Functions Of
Respiratory System
1. Supplies the body with oxygen and disposes of carbon
dioxide
2. Filters inspired air
3. Produces sound
4. Contains receptors for smell
5. Rids the body of some excess water and heat
6. Helps regulate blood pH
Breathing
Breathing (pulmonary
ventilation). consists of two
cyclic phases:
Inhalation, also called
inspiration - draws gases
into the lungs.
Exhalation, also called
expiration - forces gases
External Respiration
Air from the outside environment enters the nose or
mouth during inspiration (inhalation).
Composed of the nose and nasal cavity, paranasal
sinuses, pharynx (throat), larynx.
All part of the conducting portion of the respiratory
system.
Nasal
Cavity Nostri
Throat l
Mouth
(phary
nx)
Voice box(Larynx)
Nose
Also called external nares.
Divided into two halves by the nasal septum.
Contains the paranasal sinuses where air is warmed.
Contains cilia which is responsible for filtering out foreign
bodies.
Nose and Nasal Cavities
Frontal sinus Nasal concha Sphenoid sinus
Middle nasal concha Internal naris
Inferior nasal
concha
Nasopharynx
External naris
Internal nares - opening to exterior
External nares - opening to pharynx
Nasal conchae - folds in the mucous membrane
that increase air turbulence and ensures that most
air contacts the mucous membranes
Provides and airway for respiration
Moistens and warms entering air
Filters and cleans inspired air
Resonating chamber for speech
- detects odors in the air stream
Pharynx
Common space used by both the respiratory and
digestive systems.
Commonly called the throat.
Originates posterior to the nasal and oral cavities and
extends inferiorly near the level of the bifurcation of the
larynx and esophagus.
Common pathway for both air and food.
Walls are lined by a mucosa and contain skeletal
muscles that are primarily used for swallowing.
Flexible lateral walls are distensible in order to force
swallowed food into the esophagus.
Three Sections of the Pharynx
Nasopharynx
contains the pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) which aid in
the body’s immune defense.
Oropharynx
back portion of the mouth that contains the palatine
tonsils which aid in the body’s immune defense.
Laryngopharynx
bottom section of the pharynx where the respiratory
tract divides into the esophagus and the larynx.
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngoph
arynx
Larynx Hyoid BoneEpiglottis
Voice box is a short,
somewhat cylindrical
airway ends in the
Thyrohyoid
trachea. Membrane
Prevents swallowed
materials from entering
the lower respiratory Thyroid
tract. Cartilag
e
Conducts air into the
Cricothy Cricothy
lower respiratory tract. roid roid
Produces sounds. Ligame Muscles
Cricothyro
nt id
Supported by a
Cartilage
framework of nine Trachea
pieces of cartilage
(three individual pieces
and three cartilage
pairs) that are held in
Trachea
A flexible tube also called
windpipe. Larynx
Extends through the Trachea
mediastinum and lies anterior
to the esophagus and inferior to
the larynx.
Cartilage rings reinforce and
provide rigidity to the tracheal
wall to ensure that the trachea
remains open at all times.
At the level of the sternal angle,
the trachea bifurcates into two
smaller tubes, called the right
and left primary bronchi.
Each primary bronchus projects Bronchi
laterally toward each lung.
Lungs
Each lung has a conical shape. Its wide, concave
base rests upon the muscular diaphragm.
Its superior region called the apex projects
superiorly to a point that is slightly superior and
posterior to the clavicle.
Both lungs are bordered by the thoracic wall
anteriorly, laterally, and posteriorly, and supported
by the rib cage.
Toward the midline, the lungs are separated from
each other by the mediastinum.
The relatively broad, rounded surface in contact
Lungs
Left lung
– divided into 2 lobes by oblique fissure
– smaller than the right lung
– cardiac notch accommodates the heart
Right lung
– divided into 3 lobes by oblique and horizontal fissure
– located more superiorly in the body due to liver on right
side
Pleura
The outer surface of each lung and the adjacent
internal thoracic wall are lined by a serous membrane
called pleura.
The outer surface of each lung is tightly covered by
the visceral pleura.
while the internal thoracic walls, the lateral surfaces of
the mediastinum, and the superior surface of the
diaphragm are lined by the parietal pleura.
The parietal and visceral pleural layers are continuous
eural Cavities
at the hilus of each lung
The potential space between the serous membrane
layers is a pleural cavity.
The pleural membranes produce a thin, serous pleural
fluid that circulates in the pleural cavity and acts as a
lubricant, ensuring minimal friction during breathing.
Pleural effusion – pleuritis with too much fluid
How Lungs work?
Air enters your lungs through a system of pipes called the
bronchi.
The alveoli are where the important work of gas exchange takes
place between the air and your blood. Covering each alveolus is
a whole network of little blood vessel called capillaries,
It is important that the air in the alveoli and the blood in the
capillaries are very close together, so that oxygen and carbon
When
dioxideyou
canbreathe
move (orin, diffuse)
air comesbetween them.
down the trachea and through
the bronchi into the alveoli.
This fresh air has lots of oxygen in it, and some of this oxygen
will travel across the walls of the alveoli into your blood stream.
Travelling in the opposite direction is carbon dioxide, which
crosses from the blood in the capillaries into the air in the
alveoli and is then breathed out.
In this way, you bring in to your body the oxygen that you need
to live, and get rid of the waste product carbon dioxide.
How Lungs work?
Branch of
Pulmonary vein
Branch of
Pulmonary artery
Bronchiole
Terminal
Bronchiole
Respiratory Bronchiole
Capillary beds
Alveoli
Breathing
Lungs are sealed in
pleural membranes
inside the chest
cavity.
At the bottom of the
ragm
cavity is a large, flat
Diaph
muscle known as the
diaphragm.
Breathing
During inhalation, the
diaphragm contracts and
the rib cage rises up.
This expands the volume
of the chest cavity.
The chest cavity is
sealed, so this creates a
partial vacuum inside the
cavity.
Atmospheric pressure fills
the lungs as air rushes
into the breathing
passages.
Breathing
Often exhaling is a passive
event. Air Exhaled
When the rib cage lowers
and the diaphragm relaxes, Rib cage
pressure in the chest cavity lowers
is greater than
atmospheric pressure.
Air is pushed out of the
lungs.
Exhalation
