ELECTRONIC
COMPONENTS
ICT 10
OBJECTIVES:
• Identify and describe common
electronic components such as
resistors, LEDs, switch, wires
• Understand the function and
properties of each component
TYPES OF ELECTRONICS
COMPONENT
•active components
•passive components
ACTIVE COMPONENTS
• Active components supply the energy to the circuit and are capable of
electrically controlling and amplifying the flow of electrical current.
While most devices contain both active and passive components, all
electronic circuits must contain at least one active component. Active
components require a source of energy, typically in the form of a
direct current. Most active components consist of semiconductor
devices such as transistors, diodes and integrated circuits.
TRANSISTOR
• An electronic component that is mostly used
for amplifying electrical signals or as switching
devices. These can be easily identified by their
three terminals and can be thought of as a relay
without moving parts, as they can turn something
‘on’ and ‘off’ without any movement.
DIODE
• A component that allows electric current to flow in one direction only. It
has two terminals, the anode and cathode. When the anode is charged
with a positive voltage and the cathode with a negative one, electric
current can flow. Reversing these voltages will prevent the current from
flowing, thus it is the electronic equivalent of a check valve. It is
commonly used to convert an alternating current (AC) into a direct
current (DC) and is made either of a semiconductor material or vacuum
tube.
DIODE
INTEGRATED CIRCUIT (IC) (AKA
MICROCHIP)
• Multiple complex circuits on a circuit board compose
an IC which is used to perform all kinds of tasks yet
it is still considered a component despite consisting
of many other components. They’re made up of
tiny, flat pieces of silicon that consist of layers of
many electronic components such as transistors.
INTEGRATED CIRCUIT (IC) (AKA
MICROCHIP)
PASSIVE COMPONENTS DISSIPATE,
RESIST, OR STORE ENERGY:
• Passive components can only receive energy,
which it then either dissipates, resists, absorbs,
or stores in an electric or magnetic field, yet they
cannot control or amplify electricity themselves.
Some of the most common examples include
resistors, capacitors, inductors, and transformers.
RESISTOR
• a resistor is a two-terminal electrical device that resists the
flow of current. It is one of the simplest elements in an
electronic circuit as well as one of the most common, as
resistance is an inherent element of nearly all electronic
circuits. Resistors are graded based on their power ratings
(amount of power they can handle without exploding) and
resistance values (capacity to resist current). The
measurement is done in units known as ohms.
RESISTOR
CAPACITOR
• these electronic components have two terminals that
can store the electric charge temporarily in an electric
field and release it later, when needed. They allow AC
to flow through them while resisting DC and in doing
so stabilize almost any circuit. Capacitors come in
different varieties, with the most common ones being
electrolytic and ceramic disk.
CAPACITOR
INDUCTOR (AKA REACTOR)
• A two-terminal component that stores energy
in a magnetic field and returns energy to the
circuit when required. It allows DC to flow
through it but not AC. It is composed of a coil
wire that is wound around a core which can be
either a magnet or even air.
INDUCTOR (AKA REACTOR)
TRANSFORMERS
• An electronic component that is often used to raise
voltage levels. Transformers can step up or step
down voltage, yet power and energy remain the
same on the primary and secondary side. As energy
is not actually being amplified, a transformer then
is classified as a passive element.
TRANSFORMERS
What are the two
types of electronics
components?
Is electronic
components important?
Why?
•What do you think will happen
if electronic components were
not invented or discovered?
ASSESSMENT
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUIZ:
Direction: Choose the BEST
answer for the following
questions. Write only the letter
of the correct answer.
1. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS
CONSIDERED AN ACTIVE COMPONENT?
• A) Capacitor
• B) Resistor
• C) Diode
• D) Transformer
2. WHAT IS THE PRIMARY
FUNCTION OF A TRANSISTOR?
• A) Store electric charge
• B) Allow current to flow in one direction
• C) Amplify electrical signals or act as a
switch
• D) Resist the flow of current
3. WHICH COMPONENT IS DESIGNED TO
ALLOW CURRENT TO FLOW IN ONLY ONE
DIRECTION?
• A) Resistor
• B) Diode
• C) Inductor
• D) Capacitor
4. WHAT TYPE OF COMPONENT IS
A TRANSFORMER CLASSIFIED AS?
• A) Passive component
• B) Semiconductor
• C) Active component
• D) Integrated circuit
5. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING COMPONENTS
STORES ENERGY IN A MAGNETIC FIELD?
• A) Resistor
• B) Capacitor
• C) Diode
• D) Inductor
II. IDENTIFICATION
Direction: identify and name
the electronics components
shown in the picture.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
