“FORMULATION & EVALUATION OF PANAX GINSENG SYRUP”

(UNDER NUTRACEUTICALS)
A DISSERTATION WORK SUBMITTED
To the Faculty of
Dr. A.P.J. ABDUL KALAM TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
LUCKNOW, UTTAR PRADESH

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement

For the Degree of
BACHELOR OF PHARMACY
Presented By: Under the Guidance of:
Kailash Tomer Mr. Manoj Kumar Verma
Roll No. 2209360509002 (Assistant Professor)
B. Pharm 4th Year (7th sem) To the Faculty of

BHAGWATI COLLEGE OF PHARMACY

KOTANA ROAD, BARAUT
 Topic: Formulation & Evaluation of Panax Ginseng Syrup

Content: Name of Content

Nutarceuticals
Types of Nutraceuticals
Ginseng
Pharmacognosy of Ginseng
Chemical Constituents of Panax Ginseng
Health Benefits of Ginseng (Uses)
Use of Ginseng in ED
Formulation of Panax Ginseng Syrup
Evaluation Parameters of Panax Ginseng Syrup
Result
Conclusion
Thank You
NUTRACEUTICALS
• Nutraceuticals are dietary supplements that combine nutrients and
pharmaceuticals to promote health, wellness and disease prevention.
• Nutraceuticals: Nutrition + Pharmaceuticals.
• Nutraceuticals are foods or food derived products that provide health benefits
beyond their nutritional value.
• Dr. Stephen DeFelice coined the term “Nutraceuticals” from “Nutrition” and
“Pharmaceuticals” in 1989.
• Father of Indian Nutraceuticals industry: Dr. Muhammed Majeed by
ASSOCHAM (The Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India) on
the occasion of AYUSH MELA which was held on 30/oct – 1/nov/2020.
 Top Nutraceuticals Companies:
1. Amway.
2. Nutrabay.
3. Muscle Blaze.
4. GNC.
5. Atom.
6. GainsX Nutrition and many more.
Types of Nutraceuticals:
1. Dietary Supplements: These are the most common type of nutraceuticals.
• Dietary Supplements are the products that contain concentrated bioactive
nutrients from a food source and the final compound is processed into a suitable
dosage forms.
• Dietary Supplements are taken additionally to daily diet.
• Ex. Vitamins, Minerals, Amino acids, & Herbs.
2. Functional Foods: Functional foods are any food or food ingredient that
provides a health benefit other than basic nutrition.
There are 3 types Functional Foods :
A. Traditional Functional Foods: These are nutrients rich natural foods that
deliver health benefits other than basic nutrition. Ex- Lycopene in tomatoes.
B. Non- Traditional Functional Foods: Artificial foods with added bioactive
components to enhance health & well being. Ex- Juice with added calcium,
cereals fortified with iron.
C. Modified Functional Foods: Those foods that have been fortified with
additional ingredients to inc. their health benefits and maintains well being.
These are produced via Bio-Technological techniques. Ex- Yogurt, Cheese,
Vinegar etc.
Ginseng:
1. Ginseng is a medicinal herb that has been used for thousands of years in east Asia.
2. Ginseng is a short, slow-growing herb with fleshy roots that has been used in
traditional Chinese medicine for centuries.
3. The name “Ginseng” is derived from the Chinese term “ren`shen” which means
“man root”, is reflecting the root’s human like shape and its association with
strength.
4. The name translates according to Chinese population that “essence of the earth in
the form of a man”.
5. Ginseng’s historical significance is a vast and profound as the mountains and valley
in which it is cultivated.
6. Mainly, it is cultivated in hilly areas and mountains, so that’s why it is known as
“root of heaven”.
7. Ginseng’s roots are like a person, so it has benefits for the whole body.
8. Ginseng is an herb rich in antioxidants. It may offer benefits for brain health,
immune function, blood sugar management, and more.
Pharmacognosy of Ginseng:
• Synonyms: Man root, Root of heaven, Ginseng root, Chinese ginseng.
• Scientific Names: Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolius, Panax, Ninjin.
• Biological Source: It is the dried root of various species of panax like panax
ginseng (Asian ginseng), panax japonica (Japanese ginseng), panax
quinoquefolium (American ginseng).
• Other Ginseng Varieties: Indian ginseng (withania somnifera also known as
Ashwagandha).
 Brazilian ginseng – Pfaffiapaniculata.
 Siberian ginseng – Eluetherococcussenticosus.
 Panax trifolius – Dwarf ginseng.

• Family: Araliaceae.
• Geographical Source: It is mainly found in China, Russia, Korea, Japan, Canada
and India.

Plant of Panax Ginseng

Panax Ginseng:
• It is commonly used variety of ginseng and it is also known as Asian ginseng.
• It is native to Eastern Asia, including China and Korea.
• It is a Slow growing plant characterized by a short stem and a cluster of fleshy
roots.
• The roots are the primary part used for medicinal purposes.
• The botanical name "Panax comes from the Greek word “Panacea” which
means “cure all”.

Plant of Panax Ginseng Roots of Panax Ginseng

Chemical Constituents of Panax Ginseng:
• Panax Ginseng contains a high concentration of Ginsenosides, which are believed
to be responsible for its adaptogenic properties.
• It is the most well-studied and recognized type of ginseng in the world.
• Adaptogens – It is the active ingredient in many plants and herbs that may impact
how your body deals with stress, anxiety and fatigue.
• Adaptogens are worked by interacting with Hypothalamic Pituitary adrenal axis
which controls the body's stress response.
• Ginseng is considered an adaptogen, which means it can help the body maintain
homeostasis by balancing the immune system and endocrine hormones. This help
the body to counteract age-related changes, especially for people over 50.

Structure of Ginsenoside
Chemical Constituents of Panax Ginseng:

• Primary compound: The Primary bioactive compound found in ginseng is Ginsenoside, but
it also contains several other active constituents
• Ginsenoside: The Primary component of ginseng is Ginsenoside is also known as ginseng
Saponins. It is believed to be responsible for the plant's health benefits and it is also known as
Panaxoside.
• Functions: It exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities including, anti-oxidant, anti-
inflammatory, and also in erectile dysfunction. They are responsible for ginseng's health benefits.
• Other active compounds: In addition to ginsenosides, ginseng Contains other active
compounds that contribute to its health. Promoting Properties:
1. Polysaccharides: Immune stimulating properties.
2. Peptids: Ginseng may contain peptides with Potential anti-oxidant & anti-fatigue properties,
also it can help to reduce physical & mental fatigue.
3. Phenolic compounds: Phenolic compounds are present in genseng in minute quantity Such
phenolic compounds like quercetin, kaempferol etc, are used for their anti-inflammatory
properties.
4. And ginseng contains many components in minute quantity like phytosterols, which helps in
lowering cholesterol levels and have potential benefits for CVS.
Health Benefits of Ginseng (Uses):
• Ginseng offers wide range of health benefits, that affecting the various aspects
of Physical and mental well-being. These benefits include-
1. Cardiovascular health: Ginseng may help to regulate blood pressure,
improve blood circulation and reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
2. Anti-inflammatory effects: Reduce Inflammation.
3. Diabetes Management: Helps to reduce diabetes level because the
ginsenoside can improves the insulin sensitvity level in the body.
4. Immune system support
5. Mental health:
 Cognitive Enhancement: Ginseng is used for its cognitive-boosting effects. It
may improve memory, attention and cognitive function. for mental clarity &
focus.
 Stress reduction: Ginseng's adaptogenic properties helps to brain in stress
reduction.
 Mood regulation: Ginseng may have mood regulating effects and also improve
overall emotional well.
6. Sexual health: Ginseng helps in improving the sexual health especially in mens.
Use of Ginseng in Erectile Dysfunction:
• ED: ED is a male disorder characterized by Inability of male to acheive or maintain an erection
of penis long enough during sexual inter course.
• It may affect a relationship negatively and break a person self confidence when the condition
tends to be ongoing.
• Role of ginseng In ED: Ginseng has been traditionally used in various cultures to enhance
sexual function and treat ED.
• Panax Ginseng is most commonly used and effective for ED.
• Mechanism:
1. Nitric-oxide Activation- Ginsenosides increase the nitric-oxide production which relaxing the
smooth muscles and improve blood flow to the penis.
2. cGMP Enchantment- Ginseng inhibits Phosphodiesterase-5 an enzyme which increrase cGMP
(cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate) level - when cause vasodilation and Inc. blood flow in penis
- which increase erection time.
3. Hormonal regulation- It may help to regulate & maintains testosterone levels.
4. Enhanced libido- It may Stimulate sexual desire.
#Studites and results.
1. Meta-analysis (2018): Ginseng supplementation significantly improved International Index of
Erectile Function (IIEF) scores.
2. Systematic review (2020): Ginseng showed promise in treating ED, especially in combination
with other herbs.
3. Randomized controlled trial (2019): Asian Ginseng improved erectile function and sexual
satisfaction
Formulation Ginseng Syrup:

[Link]. Ingredients Quantity

1. Simple Syrup 33.35ml

2. Ginseng Powder 8.8gm

3. Sodium Benzoate 0.1gm

4. Distilled Water q.s. Upto 100ml

 Formulation Ginseng Syrup:

• Preparation of herbal panax ginseng syrup:

– Material and method: Dried root of Panax ginseng is collected, cleaned and dried.
– Preparation of simple syrup IP: 66.7 g of sucrose was dissolved in sufficient distilled
water to obtain 100 ml of concentrated simple syrup. The simple syrup was used as
vehicle.
– Preparation of (medicated) ginseng syrup: The powdered ginseng extract was
dissolved in purified water and heated until the volume of their syrup is reduced to half
and cooled and later it was filtered using a muslin cloth.
– Preparation of final syrup: Ginseng extract syrup should be added to simple syrup by
stirring to obtain uniform and consistent syrup.
– Addition of preservative: Lastly, we add sodium benzoate as preservative because, it
is a widely used preservative that helps to prevent the growth of yeast, bacteria, fungi &
any micro-organism. It is suitable for maintaining the stability of many herbal syrups.

• Storage: It will be stored in air-tight amber coloured container in cool & dry place, away
from sun light.
• Dosage: 10-15ml per day (for adults).
Evaluation Parameters of Ginseng Syrup:

• Colour examination: 5ml of syrup was taken in a watch glass and viewed against
a white light for its colour by naked eye.
• Odour examination: The final syrup was tested for its odour by smelling 2ml of
the syrup individually with an interval of 2 minutes.
• Taste examination: A drop of final syrup was placed on the tongue and examined
for its taste.
• Determination of pH: Firstly, we have to calibrate the pH meter using pH 4 & 10.
After calibration place the pH meter in 10ml of final syrup and measures the pH.
• Determination of Density: Density is determined using a 10ml measuring
cylinder. Firstly, the weight of an empty measuring cylinder was noted. The liquid
whose density is to be determined was filled in the 10ml measuring cylinder and
weighed. Then the weight of the syrup was calculated by subtracting the weight of
the empty one from the weight of the filled ones. The density of the syrup was
calculated using the formula: Density=mass/volume.
• Determination of viscosity: A clean Ostwald viscometer was taken which was
previously cleaned with acetone or chromic acid.
 Results:
[Link]. Parameter Observations

1. Colour Brownish

2. Odour Woody

3. Taste Sweet

4. Density(gm/ml) 1.19

5. Viscosity (by ostwald viscometer ) 1.15 min.

6. pH 7.1
 Conclusion:
• Herbal Ginseng syrup is the nutraceutical product which provide many
health benefits like used in ED, supports immune system, mood
regulation etc.
• It cause side effects in very less population like allergic reactions,
insomnia, dizziness, stomach upsetness etc.
• So, it is advised that to the patients who take this syrup, firstly take
concern their doctor.
THANK YOU