GENERAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

PRACTICES FOR GRID OPERATORS

Presented by: FRED U. KAYEGA

Principal Occup. Health and Safety Officer
0767 547055/ 0784 747 055

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 PRESENTATION OUTLINE

Introduction

Accident prevention

Health and Safety policy

Contractor management

Conclusion
June 11, 2025 2
 INTRODUCTION
?
Why Health and Safety
The system is implemented around the world for
the following reasons.

To create Safe, healthy and happy working

environment .

To safeguard the assets of the company

To protect the environment in which we

work and live.
 INTRODUCTION

£1
 To Minimize loss and
Insured costs
Maximize the Profit.
£- £368

 Legal Compliance i.e. Uninsured

costs
especially (Tanzania
OHS act 2003,Fire Act
no. 3 of 2003 and
Electricity Acts
(Cap.131)

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 INTRODUCTION

Occupational Health and Safety

Is about creating a working
environment free from
occupational illness and accidents
(hazards)
Key words: occupational illness,
accidents and hazards.

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 INTRODUCTION …………..

 Occupational illness
 These are occupational diseases
acquired/inherited from the job.
 Are difficult to identify as it takes years
before a disease produces an obvious
effect on worker’s health.
 Occupational diseases include asbestosis,
silicosis, lead poisoning, noise induced
hearing loss, , etc

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 ACCIDENT PREVENTION ….!!!
ACCIDENT
An unplanned, unwanted, but controllable event which give rise
to ill health or injury, damage to property, plant products or the
environment; production losses or increased liabilities
Accident = Hazard + Hazard +
Exposure/no controls

Series of events where the last one resulted to damage or loss of

life or injuries or both.
.

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June 11, 2025 8
WH Heinrich in the late 1920s after studying the reports
of 75000 workplace accidents, he concluded that:

 88% - Unsafe Acts

 10% - Unsafe
Conditions

 2% - unavoidable

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 Series of events how ???????
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June 11, 2025 11
ACCIDENT PREVENTION ….!!!

Attitude 1
and Fatality
Behavior
30 Serious injuries

300 Minor injuries

3000 Unsafe acts &

conditions
(Near Miss)
 ACCIDENT PREVENTION ….!!!
Hazards

 A hazard is something with a potential of causing harm e.g.

plant or machines, method of work, work environment.

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 ACCIDENT PREVENTION ….!!!

Risk
A measure of probability of occurrence of a
particular event of specific severity or a
combination of a likelihood and consequence of a
specific hazard to cause an event which can lead
to fatal, injuries or damage or both.

Existing Controls:
The system and /or procedure that the company
devised and implemented to prevent a loss from
occurring as a result of a risk.
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 Identify 5 Hazard and associated risk please
….???????

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 ACCIDENT PREVENTION ….!!!
 Are categorized as

 Mechanical e.g. falling objects;

 Physical e.g. noise and vibrations;
 Chemical e.g. mist, fumes;
 Biological e.g. bacteria, viruses;
Ergonomics e.g. heavy physical loads;
 Psychosocial e.g. long working hours,
sexual harassment

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 Categorize identify 5 Hazard please ….???????

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 ACCIDENT PREVENTION ….!!!
 5 major control of hazards

 Elimination: i.e. removing hazard completely

 Substitution: i.e. substitute hazardous agent or
working process to less or non hazardous
 Engineering: i.e. redesigning to reduce hazards
 Administration: i.e. limiting number of working
hours
 PPE: be taken as a last resort. Are uncomfortable,
decrease work performance, creates new health
and safety hazards

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 Give Control of categorize identify 5 Hazard please
….???????

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ACCIDENT PREVENTION ….!!!
Switching Accident Prevention..!!
Factors Contributing to Risks and Hazards

Common electrical risks are unexpected presence

of voltage on electrical lines or installations
mainly due to: -
 A mistake in operating a switch or equipment
 A mistake in identifying work to perform
 A FAULTY switch or equipment (one of the links
for example remaining partially engaged)
 Ignorance and/or negligence
 ACCIDENT PREVENTION ….!!!

Switching Accident Prevention..!!

Factors Contributing to Risks and Hazards

Electrical hazards:-
 Electrical line or conductor are unexpectedly
still live
 Current sources not properly isolated
 Power generators connected to the network
 Atmospheric phenomenon’s such as lightning
 Induced currents.
 ACCIDENT PREVENTION ….!!!
Switching Accident Prevention..!!
Safety and Supervisor

Safety is part of working supervisor’s duties and

responsibility and cannot be transferred to a safety
officer or committee.

As their role in ensuring safety, they must take

necessary precautions to prevent accidents: -
 By ensuring the existence of safe working
environment and working conditions
 By staff following safety procedures whilst
working.
 ACCIDENT PREVENTION ….!!!
Switching Accident Prevention..!!
Causes of Accidents

Accidents results from direct and indirect causes

simultaneously present. Workplace accidents are caused
by unsafe acts and unsafe working conditions.
Three main factors are: -
 Technical Equipment
 Working environment
 The worker i.e. human factor

Percentage ratio representation of accidents,

 Unsafe acts of workers -88%
 Unsafe working conditions or equipments -10%
 Natural disaster - 2%
 ACCIDENT PREVENTION ….!!!

Switching Accident Prevention..!!

To ensure proper switching procedure the
following documents guide the process
Safety Rules and Operational Instructions

Safety rules – Electrical

Safety Rules – Live Line Works
Operational Manuals
Engineering Instructions and other
specific instruction.
 ACCIDENT PREVENTION ….!!!
Switching Accident Prevention..!!
To ensure proper switching procedure the following
documents guide the process
Work Permits

Permit to Work – PTW

Sanction for Test – SFT

Limitation of Access – LOA

Hot Line Order – HLO

 ACCIDENT PREVENTION ….!!!
Switching Accident Prevention..!!
Preparation of Temporary Earthing

Some of the preparations steps of earthling

includes: -
 Job planning (80% of time)
 Selection of adequate earthing and/or
bonding equipment
 Identification of equipment to be earthed
 Selection of PPE
 Checking or testing of voltage
 Cleaning of connection area
 ACCIDENT PREVENTION ….!!!

ACCIDENT VIDEOS

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 ACCIDENT PREVENTION ….!!!
BEFORE STARTING ANY TASK CONDUCT RISK ASSESSMENT

Such risk
needs to be
assessed

Engineering PPE – Last resort

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 ACCIDENT PREVENTION ….!!!

 No one method can protect hazards

completely, a combination of control
methods could be used

 Health and safety at work should be a core

requirement of a business activity, not an
inconvenient ‘add-on’

“As far as I am concerned, those who cannot

manage health and safety cannot manage”
– Bill Calaghan

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 Accident Statistics

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TYPES OF ACCIDENTS First Quarter, 2017/18 Second Quarter, 2017/18

Employees Public Employees Public

Accd Death Accd Death Accd Death Accd Death
Electrocution 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 7
Electrical Shock/arc
flash 1 0 4 0 1 0 6 0
Hit by a pole/
conductor drum 1 1 0 0 2 1 5 0
Falling from height 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0
Falling with a
pole/ladder 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0
Motor vehicle
accidents 9 1 1 1 16 1 1 1
Injured by crossarm&
rope 0 0 NA NA 0 0 NA NA
Vehicle hit by private
Motorcycle/stones 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Damaged vehicle by
landslide 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Hired tricycle injure
staff 0 0 NA NA 0 0 NA NA

Fell while dropping on

moving vehicle
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0 0 NA NA 0 0 NA 31
NA
Total 11 02 05 01 24 02 19 9
 EXERCISE – ACCIDENT ANALYSIS – “POOR MARICHUY”

SCENARIO
Marichuy, a 17 year old waitress, was looking forward to
finishing work and catching the evening flight to see her parents.
She was working with five colleagues serving in a restaurant,
but they were all feeling a little stressed as it was such a busy
day and the restaurant was uncomfortably warm and crowded.
Marichuy was carrying a large pizza which was piping hot and
heavy. Just then, a customer in front of her got up to leave, and
walked down the three steps towards the exit but suddenly
tripped on small tear on the carpet.
The customer fell against Marichuy, who dropped the pizza,
pepperoni side down, onto another customer who was proudly
showing off her new designer dress, as a result of the push,
Marichuy herself fell backwards against the salad bar, which
collapsed, causing a serious break to her leg. Marichuy was
unable to move without assistance and an ambulance had to be
EXERCISE – ACCIDENT ANALYSIS – “POOR MARICHUY”

There had been no workplace inspection for as long as any

staff member could remember. The problem with the carpet
had been known by all the staff – who were always careful
not to trip up on it themselves – but no one knew to whom to
report the defect, and anyway, did not feel it was their job to
deal wit facilities issues.

When asked to see the restaurant risk assessments, it

transpired that none was ever done. When asked where the
restaurant manager was at the time of the accident, it was
explained that he had popped out for a couple of hours and
left no one in charge (this was quite usual, we understand).
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 EXERCISE – ACCIDENT ANALYSIS – “POOR
MARICHUY”

In syndicates, consider Marichuy’s accident. Try to

identify as many cost factors (at least 15 )as you can
that would contribute to the overall cost of this accident.
Don not just state the obvious; think about all the
potential costs regardless of how far removed you think
they may be

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ACCIDENT PREVENTION ….!!!

Cost identified due to Poor

management of Health and
Safety Management

Cost not identified due to

mismanagement of
Health and Safety
Program
 FACTS AROUND ACCIDENTS..!!
 Most of accident are preventable as
there are predictable
 Electricity is a monster that we can’t
do without, so let us find peace with it.
 Each time an employee or member of a
public is killed by electricity account to
a company major loss
 Electrical Safety beginning with you…
by follow all Safety rules.

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 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND
SAFETY POLICY (OHS pol.)
 About Health and Safety Policy

 OHS is the document that governs all

health and safety matters in the
company

 It has to be respected by all Members

of Management and every employee of
the company

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 OHS pol.……………
 It has three main parts:
 Health and Safety Statement
(statement of intent)
 The organization and responsibilities
for ensuring OHS
 The responsibilities to be implemented
for OHS

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 OHS pol.……………
 Objectives of OHS policy
 To reduce injury and suffering to employees and
to reduce compensations and/or other indirect
costs related to accidents as well as the waste of
human and material resources

 Administration
 Safety department oversees that the company
OHS policy, rules, regulations and operational
procedures in all workplaces and its
sustainability.

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 OHS pol.……………
 Occupational health and safety
department:
 Safety department works across all
business units
 Has the following major roles
 Safety management, policy formulation
and adherence
 Operational safety e.g. electrical,
mechanical and construction
 Safety information system (SIS)

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 OHS pol.……………
 Fire safety
 Occupational health and hygiene
 Customer claims emanating from accidents

Managers/Head of Sections role in Health and

Safety is to Lead it and not support. Safety
dept. is what will support them.
“ In fulfilling its roles, safety ensures that all
staff are working in a hazard free
environment. As well, consumers and the
general public are free from hazard
emanating from company activities”
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 OHS pol...(Organization
Structure)
Company Safety Committee

Safety Department

Head Office Safety Committee Region/Plant Safety Committee

Head Office Safety Region/Plant Safety

Representatives Representative District Safety Committee

Section/Workplace Safety
District Safety Representative
Representatives

Section/Workplace Safety
Committee

Section/Workplace Safety
Representatives

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 OHS pol.……………
 Safety Representatives
 Selected from each workplace, section or
depart. depending on the nature of work,
location and number of staff
 Workplaces may have more than one
representative
 Term of service for a safety rep. is 24
months and shall not be selected for more
than two consecutive terms. Can be re-
selected after 24 months out of service

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 OHS pol.……………
 Duties of safety reps.
 All safety reps shall be delegated in
writing by their management their
duties and responsibilities. These are:
 To implement and review the
effectiveness of health and safety at
workplaces
 To identify potential hazards and major
incidences at workplace
 To carry-out safety audits/inspections
(scheduled/unscheduled)

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 OHS pol.……………
 To report to their respective
management accidents, near misses,
injuries, illness, death and non-
compliance related to working
conditions or workplaces
 To attend and represent other workers
at the respective safety committee
meeting
 To participate in the investigation of
all health and safety
incidences/accidents at the workplace

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 OHS pol.……………
 Safety Committees

Purpose: Initiating, developing, promoting, maintaining and reviewing measures to

ensure OHS at workplace

Safety committees and Safety representatives are formed and elected as per legal
requirements.

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 OHS pol.……………

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 OHS pol.……………

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 OHS pol.……………
Section/Workplace Safety Committee (members)
Head of section – Chairperson

Section workplace safety reps

Invitees (no. less than of safety reps)

Nominee among reps - Secretary

District Safety committee members

District Manager – Chairperson

Sections safety reps

Invitees (don’t exceed no. of reps)

District safety rep - Secretary

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 OHS pol.……………
Shall hold meeting monthly and submit
minutes to regional safety committee
 Regional/Plant safety committee
members
 Regional/Plant Manager – Chairperson
 District Managers
 District Safety reps
 Region/Plant Human Resources officer
 Invitees (less than safety reps)
 Regional/Plant safety rep - Secretary

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 OHS pol.……………
Meet monthly and send minutes to
secretariat of company safety
committee (safety department)
 Head office safety committee
 Chairperson appointed among HQ Rep
 Safety engineers
 Workplace safety reps
 Invitees (less than reps)
 Nominated safety rep - Secretary

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 OHS pol.……………
Meet quarterly and safety dept. staff
cannot be a workplace safety rep

 Company Safety committee (members)

 DMD D&CS – Chairperson
 All head office Senior Managers
 Company Secretary
 Invitee (their no. less than members)
 Manager Safety - Secretary

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 OHS pol.……………
 Meet quarterly, unless on
emergencies and have final
decision on all matters related
to OHS in the company

 All Safety Committees at all

levels are insisted to have
women representation as its
members

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 OHS pol.……………
 Arrangements of OHS policy
 Aim is provision of a safe working
environment, e.g.
 Prevention of injuries
 Job discussion prior to working
 Prevention of ill health
 Use of PPEs
 Provision of safe drinking water
 Safety training
 Provision of fire safety equipment

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 Contractor Guidelines
 The guidelines provide information on the
basic control measures that TANESCO has put
in place to ensure Contractors working on or
within TANESCO properties comply with
Health and Safety Standards.

 The objective is to minimize danger to human

life arising through accident or incidents
when working with TANESCO properties.

 The Contractor is obliged to implement best

practice in relation to Safety Management
and practices submitted prior to start
working.
Contractor Guidelines
 Contactor shall ensure that all its personnel,
agent and sub contractors shall be trained,
competent and fit to perform the duties
assigned to them.

 It shall be the responsibility of the contactor at

his/her sole expense to ensure that all the
requisite items of personal protective Equipment
(PPE) are provided to the personnel.

 All incidents, injuries and accidents including

without limitation minor and near misses shall
be reported verbally and in written within 2
working days to the Responsibility person.
 CONCLUSION

 Risk Management Forms Risk Form.doc

 Formulate a safety commitment of all

staff (permanent and STEs) involved in
a certain work
 It is a declaration to abide to safety
regulations and procedures
 It is filled in after a pre-job discussion
or any formal talk before carrying out
the work

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 CONCLUSION
 Accident reduction needs collective responsibility
therefore let us all cooperate.
 Knowledge is power therefore once acquired and
make use and changes will be guarantee.
 Our vision as Safety department is to keep employee
and customer safe so we will continues work
tirelessly to achieve that goal.
 We are inviting everybody to join us and ensure
TANESCO become among Safely company in
Tanzania. That is “ALWAYS THINK SAFETY”
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 CONCLUSION

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 CONCLUSION

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 Be safe

June 11, 2025 63

 THE E
ND

THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND

ATTENTION

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