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Diarrhoea

Diarrhea, derived from Greek meaning 'flowing through', is a major health issue, particularly in children under 5, and is characterized by the passage of loose, watery stools more than three times a day. It can be classified into acute and chronic types, with various causes including dietary factors, infections, and stress. Treatment involves addressing the underlying cause, rehydration, and dietary management, alongside preventive measures to maintain hygiene and avoid infection.

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Dipanwita Roy.
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405 views18 pages

Diarrhoea

Diarrhea, derived from Greek meaning 'flowing through', is a major health issue, particularly in children under 5, and is characterized by the passage of loose, watery stools more than three times a day. It can be classified into acute and chronic types, with various causes including dietary factors, infections, and stress. Treatment involves addressing the underlying cause, rehydration, and dietary management, alongside preventive measures to maintain hygiene and avoid infection.

Uploaded by

Dipanwita Roy.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Diarrhoe

a Dipanwita Roy
Presented by:
Introduction :
Diarrhea is derived
from Greek word,
meaning 'flowing
through'. It is the
second leading cause
of death in children
under 5 years of age.
Definition :
Diarrhoea is defined as
passage of loose, liquid
or watery stools, more
than 3 times per day.
Types of diarrhoea:

Acute: The Chronic: The


episodes of loose attack of loose
stool is suddenly motion may last
onset which for 3 weeks or
usually lasts 3-7 more than that
days but may last
upto 10-14 Days.
Causes:
🔷Dietary related 🔷 Infective causes:
causes: ➤ Bacteria, e.g., E. coli
➤ A Indigestion ➤ Viral, e.g., Enterovirus,
➤ Food allergy Measles virus
➤ Starvation ➤ Fungal, e.g., Candida
albicans
➤ Over feeding
➤ Parasitic.
➤ Food poisoning
➤ Chemical irritant,
e.g., Mercury.
Cont.
🔷 Parenteral: 🔷 Non-specific
➤ UTI factor:
➤RTI ➤ stress
➤ Tensions

🔷 Congenial factors:
🔷 Drugs:
➤ hirsch-prung‘s
➤ Ampicillin or other
disease
antibiotics.
Clinical manifestation:
Character Mild Moderate Severe

[Link] Sudden Gradually Sudden or


gradually
2. Frequency 2-5 times in a 10-12 times a
day day More than 12
times a day
3. Nature of Stool loose, Fever,
green, bed irritability High fever,
odour, anorexia, vomiting,
mucous vomiting severe
dehydration
Others clinical manifestations:
• Abdominal spasm
• Rapid and deep respiration
• Oliguria
• Sunken eyes
• Weight loss
• Fatigue
• Dry skin
• Low B.P. and rapid pulse
Diagnostic evaluation:

• History taking
• Physical examination
• Stool Examination
• BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)
• Serum electrolyte level e.g. Na, K etc.
Treatme

Treatment
• Medicine given according to cause of diarrhoea. If
bacterial- antibiotics given.
• Electral powder/solution given to replace lost
electrolytes.
• Antidiarrheal drugs- anticholinergies (Loperamide
donnagel) absorbants (octreotide)
Symptoms
Symptoms management
management:
• For pain
• For vomiting
Chemotherapy :
Bacterial or protozoal diarrhoea can be
treated with specific drugs. Ampicillin,
nalidoxic acid, norfloxacin, ciprofloxcin,
furazolidine, metronidazole can be used.
Dietary management:
• Rice based diet
• Foods that give energy— rice,
potato
• Wheat, pulses, vegetable oil
Nursing
Management : and assessment should be done
• Complete history
• Fluid replacement is a primary goal for
management. If taking orally ORS and electral
powder should be given to patient.
• Frequent small feed should be given to patient.
Milk & milk products were given after 2- 3 days as
it can increase diarrhea.
• Raw fruits, salads, fried foods, spices, coffee and
alcohol should be avoided during diarrhea.
Cont.
• Advice the patient to prevent infection.
— Wash hands everytime after passing
stool.
— Maintain hygiene in home &
environment.
—Water should be [Link] freshly
cooked food.
—Should not use cut fruits & vegetables
from outside.
Any
doubts?

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