What is Citizenship?
What makes a nation great?
2
Is it the effectiveness of
the government in
promoting the rights
and welfare of its
people?
3
Is it the willingness
of citizens to
perform their duties
and obligations to
the country?
4
Explain citizenship (HUMSS_PG12-IId-13).
5
● Define citizenship.
● Enumerate the qualifications for Philippine
citizenship.
● Differentiate the modes in acquiring
citizenship.
● Explain the implications of losing
citizenship.
6
Identify me!
1. Find a copy of a Philippine birth certificate.
2. Examine the contents and information presented
in the document.
3. List the fields of information required about the
child, the mother, and the father.
7
The birth certificate indicates the following information:
Child Mother Father
8
Which information about the
child, the mother, and the
father are required to register
the birth of a child?
9
Which information is important
in determining the citizenship
of the child?
10
Why is it important to
determine the citizenship of a
child?
11
What is citizenship, and what does it
entail?
12
Citizenship
The concept of citizenship came from the practice of
ancient Greek city-states and was further developed by the
Roman empire.
13
Citizenship
Athenian city-states Roman empire
obligation to participate equal rights and
in the political activities protection within the vast
and affairs of the state territory of the empire
14
Citizenship
Today, citizenship
is the legal
status given to
members of a
political
community.
15
Citizenship
The status of citizenship comes with specific rights and
obligations, and all citizens are equal in this respect
(Marshall 1950).
16
Citizenship
Citizenship
How does one What are the rights
become a citizen? and obligations of a
citizen?
17
Modes in Acquiring Citizenship
Citizenship
● It is a legal status.
● It is determined by
sovereign states.
● Laws enumerate the
qualifications for
citizenship.
18
Modes in Acquiring Citizenship
Citizenship is acquired by:
birth naturalization
● automatic and ● voluntary
involuntary ● naturalized citizens
● natural-born
citizens 19
Modes in Acquiring Citizenship
Citizenship by Birth
jus sanguinis jus soli
● “right of blood” ● “right of soil”
● children acquire the ● anyone born within the
citizenship of their territory of the state
parents acquires its citizenship
20
Modes in Acquiring Citizenship
Jus sanguinis
Most countries
recognize this right.
● Example: A child
of Filipino citizen
parents is granted
Philippine
citizenship.
21
Modes in Acquiring Citizenship
Jus soli
Countries that
recognize jus soli: US,
Canada, Mexico, Cuba,
Chile, etc.
● Example: Children
born in Canada are
granted Canadian
citizenship.
22
Modes in Acquiring Citizenship
Citizenship by Naturalization
● It is the act of giving
the same rights and
privileges to a natural-
born citizen of another
country.
Naturalized citizens swear allegiance to the
state.
23
Modes in Acquiring Citizenship
Example of Naturalization
● A Filipino who emigrated to
the United States and who
fulfilled the naturalization
requirements set forth by
U.S. laws can become a
naturalized American
citizen.
24
Modes in Acquiring Citizenship
● Naturalization
can also provide
refugees and
stateless
peoples access
to citizenship.
The Rohingya people living in the Rakhine state have been
denied of citizenship by the 1982 Myanmar nationality law.
25
Philippine Citizenship Laws
Qualifications of Filipino Citizens
those who are citizens those born before January
at the time of adoption 1973 of Filipino mothers who
of the 1987 elect Philippine citizenship
Constitution upon the age of majority
those whose fathers or
those who are naturalized in
mothers are citizens of
accordance with law
the Philippines
26
Based on the qualifications, which of the
principles and methods in acquiring
citizenship are recognized by the Philippine
state?
27
Philippine Citizenship Laws
Citizens under Previous Laws
1935 1973 1987
To protect the status of those who acquired citizenship
under the previous Constitution
28
Philippine Citizenship Laws
At least one parent is a
Filipino citizen
● This is in recognition of the
principle of jus sanguinis.
● It placed mothers in equal
footing with fathers (unlike
the 1935 Constitution).
Dual citizenship can occur when the
parents of the child are citizens of
different countries.
29
Philippine Citizenship Laws
Before the 1973 Constitution
must elect
or choose
A child born of a Filipino mother and a foreign father
has to choose to become a full Filipino citizen by the
age
of majority. 30
GRAPHIC ORGANIZER
Directions: A graphic organizer or an infographic that shows the
processes involved in the acquisition, loss, and re-acquisition of
Philippine citizenship.
1. Form groups with five members each.
2. Review and discuss the following:
a. the process of acquiring Philippine citizenship.
b. the conditions that may cause its revocation or cancellation.
c. the required process to reacquire it
3. Create an infographic or graphic organizer that
presents and relates these three processes. 31
Philippine Naturalization Laws
32
Philippine Naturalization Laws
naturalization
administrativ
judicial legislative
e
33
Philippine Naturalization Laws
● This process applies to
foreigners who were born and administrati
who have resided in the
Philippines all their lives.
ve
naturalizatio
n
34
Philippine Naturalization Laws
Qualifications
born and resided in the with sufficient income to
Philippines since birth support self and family
able to read, write, and
not less than 18 years old speak Filipino or any
dialect
good moral character and
sincere desire to learn and
believes in the Philippine
embrace Filipino culture
Constitution
educated with Philippine
history, government,
civics
35
Philippine Naturalization Laws
Process of Administrative Naturalization
● It is the least tedious and least
technical.
● A petition must be filed and is
subject to the approval of the
Office of the Solicitor General
(OSG).
36
Philippine Naturalization Laws
● This process applies to
foreigners who were not born
judicial in the Philippines and are
naturaliza natural-born citizens of other
countries.
tion
37
Philippine Naturalization Laws
Qualifications
real estate owner and can
not less than 21 years old support self and family
able to speak and write
ten years of continuous English or Spanish, and
residency any principal Philippine
language
good moral character and children must be educated
believes in the Philippine with Philippine history,
Constitution government, and civics
38
Philippine Naturalization Laws
Special Qualifications
● Ten-year residency is reduced to five years if
petitioner:
held office under is a teacher for not less
Philippine government than two years
established new industry is born in the Philippines
or introduced new
invention in Philippines
is married to a Filipino
39
39
Philippine Naturalization Laws
Process of Judicial
Naturalization
● A petition must be
filed and will be
decided upon by a
competent court.
40
Why is it important for those applying to
become naturalized Filipino citizens to be
educated in Philippine history, government,
and civics?
41
Philippine Naturalization Laws
● This process applies to
foreigners who have made
legislative
significant contributions to the naturaliza
nation.
tion
42
Philippine Naturalization Laws
Process of Legislative
Naturalization
● It proceeds like any
other law. It requires:
○ three readings and
concurrence of both
chambers in
Congress
○ signature of
president
43
Loss and Reacquisition of
Citizenship
Loss of Philippine Citizenship
voluntary involuntary
(expatriation)
naturalization in a foreign country court order cancelling the
certificate of naturalization
express renunciation of declared a deserter in times of
citizenship war
allegiance to the constitution of a
foreign country
rendering service to a foreign
armed force 44
Loss and Reacquisition of
Citizenship
naturalization process
Reacquisition of repatriation of deserters
Philippine of the armed forces
Citizenship
direct act of Congress
45
Loss and Reacquisition of
Citizenship
Consequences of Losing
Philippine Citizenship
● Those who lose Philippine
citizenship can no longer
enjoy the full civil, political,
and economic rights under
the Philippine laws.
Filipinos who lost their
citizenship can no longer
vote or participate in the 46
Rights and Obligations
Filipino citizens have the right to:
live permanently
engage in business
and own real
and commerce as a
property in the Filipino
Philippines
practice one’s vote in Philippine
profession elections
47
Rights and Obligations
1987
Constitution
civil and political rights economic and social rights
● protection from the state’s
excessive use of power ● state’s commitment to
provide for the welfare of its
● guarantee to democratic citizens
participation
48
Rights and Obligations
Civil and Political Rights
right to life, liberty, and
freedom of religion
property
freedom of speech and the right to information on
press matters of public concern
right to privacy of freedom of association for
communication purposes not contrary to law
right to a fair trial, due
right of those accused of
process, access to legal
crimes from torture, force,
assistance, and speedy
violence, threat, and
disposition of cases
intimidation
49
Rights and Obligations
Social and Economic Rights
the promotion of full
the commitment to uphold
employment and protection
human dignity and reduce
of the right to strike, security
social, economic, and
of tenure, humane working
political inequalities
conditions, and living wage
the right of landless farmers
the equality to economic
to own directly or collectively
opportunities
the lands they till
the right to quality and
accessible education at all
levels
50
Rights and Obligations
Social and Economic Rights
the right of subsistence the commitment to make
fisherman to preferential essential goods, health, and
use of the communal other social services
marine and fishing available at an affordable
resources cost
the commitment to make the right of women to safe
available decent housing and healthful working
and basic services at conditions, taking into
affordable cost account their maternal
functions
51
Rights and Obligations
Duties and Obligations of Citizens
1973 Constitution 1987 Constitution
enumerated in Article IV no provisions
(martial law era) (post-martial law era)
52
Rights and Obligations
1973 Constitution Article IV (Duties and Obligations)
loyalty to the
Republic, the defend the state
Philippine flag
cooperate with
engage in gainful work
authorities
uphold the
Constitution and obey vote during elections
the laws
53
Rights and Obligations
● During Martial Law, the
state legally enforced the
following:
○ prosecution of those
“uncooperative” with
authorities
○ violation of civil,
political, and economic
rights
Bantayog ng mga Bayani remembers the
martyrs and hero of Martial Law era who
defended democracy and civil and political
rights.
54
Check your progress.
1.What are the qualifications of Filipino
citizen?
2. Distinguish between a natural born-
citizen and naturalized citizen.
3. Compare and contrast the three-
naturalization process. 55
What are the qualifications of Filipino ?
●those who are citizens at the time of adoption of the
1987 Constitution
●those born before January 1973 of Filipino mothers who
elect Philippine citizenship upon the age of majority
●those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the
Philippines
●those who are naturalized in accordance with law
56
Distinguish between a natural born-citizen and
naturalized citizen.
Natural-born citizens receive their citizenship
involuntarily. The state automatically recognizes them as
citizens based on the principle of jus soli and/or jus
sanguinis. On the other hand, naturalized citizens
receive their citizenship voluntarily. They are required to
submit their application, fulfill the qualifications, and
undergo specific prescribed procedures before being
granted citizenship.
57
Compare and contrast the three-naturalization
process.
Administrative naturalization is applied to
foreigners born in the Philippines and resided in
the country all their lives. Meanwhile, judicial
naturalization applies to those born in the
Philippines but have lived in it within a
prescribed period. Any foreigner could apply for
legislative naturalization if he or she has made
significant contributions to the country.
58
True or False?
1. Citizens are members of a political
community who enjoy civil and political rights.
59
True or False?
2. Jus sanguinis is the legal principle that
determines a person’s citizenship by place of
birth.
60
True or False?
3. Naturalization is an act of legally adopting
foreigners as full members of the political
community and providing them with equal rights
and privileges accorded to citizens.
61
True or False?
4. Administrative naturalization requires an
act of Congress to grant citizenship to natural-
born citizens of other countries.
62
True or False?
5. Filipino citizens who voluntarily renounce
their Philippine citizenship can no longer
reacquire it.
63
● Citizenship is defined as the legal status
granted to members of a political
community. This status bestows equal rights
and obligations upon all members.
● The Philippine Constitution guarantees its
citizens the full enjoyment of their civil,
political, economic, and social rights.
64
Mode in Acquiring Processes
Citizenship
● Citizenship may be acquired by birth.
jus solicitizenship is
involuntary; the state determined by the
automatically grants place of birth (e.g., the
citizenship to a territory of a given
newborn child, who state); not
then becomes a recognized in the
natural-born citizen Philippines
jus sanguinis
65
Modes in Processes
acquiring
citizenship● Citizenship may also be acquired by
voluntary; the administrativerequires administrative
state grants
naturalization.
approval; applicable to foreigners who
citizenship upon were born in the country and have
petition of a resided here since then
foreigner who then
judicial
becomes a
naturalized citizen
66
● Filipino citizens may lose their citizenship
through voluntary and involuntary methods.
However, it can still be reacquired through the
following processes:
○ naturalization
○ repatriation
○ a direct act of the Congress
67
● Slide 3: Duterte in the Center of the Triangle by Elito Circa is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 via
Wikimedia Commons.
● Slide 4:
PUP Mabini Campus - Main Building and Freedom Park (flag raising) (PUP, Santa Mesa, Manila)(2018-03-
05)
by Patrick Roque, cropped, is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 via Wikimedia Commons.
● Slide 16: Untitled by Shaira Torlao is licensed under Public Domain via Unsplash.
● Slide 17: Identification Document by Luis Prado is licensed under CC BY via the nounproject
● Slide 19: Baby Delivery by Luis Prado, changed color, is licensed under CC BY via the nounproject
● Slides 19, 24, 31: Passport by ProSymbols, changed color, is licensed under CC BY via the nounprojec
t
● Slide 20: Birthplace by priyanka is licensed under CC BY via the nounproject.
● Slide 20: Relative by Adrien Coquet is licensed under CC BY via the nounproject.
68
● Slides 21, 22, 29: Baby by Eric Miller is licensed under CC BY via the nounproject.
● Slides 21, 29: Woman by Gregor Cresnar is licensed under CC BY via the nounproject.
● Slides 21, 24, 29: Man by Gregor Cresnar is licensed under CC BY via the nounproject.
● Slides 21, 29: Flag of Philippines by Xinh Studio is licensed under CC BY via the nounproject.
● Slide 22: Canada in North America (-mini map -rivers) by TUBS is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via
Wikimedia Commons.
● Slide 22: Canada by Bastien ADAM is licensed under CC BY via the nounproject.
● Slide 23: Naturalization Ceremony Grand Canyon 20100923mq_0529 by Grand Canyon National Park is
licensed under CC BY 2.0 via Flickr.
● Slide 24: United States in North America (-mini map -rivers) by TUBS is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via
Wikimedia Commons.
69
● Slides 24, 29: United States by Bastien ADAM is licensed under CC BY via the nounproject.
● Slide 30: Boy by Mauro Lucchesi is licensed under CC BY via the nounproject.
● Slide 25:
Emergency food, drinking water and shelter to help people displaced in Rakhine State, western Burma. (
8288488088)
by DFID - UK Department for International Development is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 via
Wikimedia Commons.
● Slides 26, 37: Requirement by Shocho is licensed under CC BY via the nounproject.
● Slides 28, 46, 50: Constitution by priyanka is licensed under CC BY via the nounproject.
● Slides 33, 36: Check mark by Janina Aritao is licensed under CC BY via the nounproject.
● Slide 41: Justice Hearing on Blatche Naturalization by Senate of the Philippines is a work by a
government agency.
70
● Slides 48, 49: Welfare by Arianna Galimberti is licensed under CC BY via the nounproject.
● Slide 51: Contract by Luis Prado is licensed under CC BY via the nounproject.
● Slide 52: BantayogWall20181115Alternativity-92L by Alternativity is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 via
Wikimedia Commons.
71
Ayson, Florentino G. and Dolores Aligada-Reyes. Fundamentals of Political Science, 2nd ed. Mandaluyong City:
National Bookstore, 2000.
Divina Law. “Fast Break to Philippine Citizenship.” Last modified October 29, 2018.
https://www.divinalaw.com/dose-of-law/fast-break-philippine-citizenship/
“Edison So v. Republic of the Philippines G.R. No. 170603, January 29, 2000.” The LawPhil Project. Accessed
April 7, 2021. https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2007/jan2007/gr_170603_2007.html.
Marshall, Thomas H. Citizenship and Social Class. Berkeley: Cambridge University Press, 1950.
72
“Republic of the Philippines vs. Kerry Lao Ong G.R. No. 175430, June 18, 2012.” The LawPhil Project. Accessed
April 7, 2021. https://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2012/jun2012/gr_175430_2012.html.
GovPh. “The Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines.” Accessed April 7, 2021.
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/1987-constitution/
73
