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Data Analysis Guide

The document is a comprehensive guide to data analysis, outlining key objectives, types of data, and the distinction between descriptive and inferential statistics. It covers qualitative and quantitative analysis methods, statistical tests, data visualization techniques, and common software used for analysis. Best practices for ensuring data quality and ethical guidelines are also emphasized to enhance research credibility.

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12 views10 pages

Data Analysis Guide

The document is a comprehensive guide to data analysis, outlining key objectives, types of data, and the distinction between descriptive and inferential statistics. It covers qualitative and quantitative analysis methods, statistical tests, data visualization techniques, and common software used for analysis. Best practices for ensuring data quality and ethical guidelines are also emphasized to enhance research credibility.

Uploaded by

mojolaoluwaaderonmu.26
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Comprehensive Guide to Data

Analysis
Understanding Statistical and
Qualitative Methods
Based on 'Research Methods in
Education'
Introduction to Data Analysis
• Data analysis involves systematically applying
statistical and logical techniques to describe,
summarize, and evaluate data. Key objectives
include:
• - Identifying patterns and trends
• - Testing hypotheses
• - Drawing meaningful conclusions
• - Supporting decision-making
Types of Data
• 1. **Nominal Data** – Categories without
order (e.g., gender, colors)
• 2. **Ordinal Data** – Ordered categories
without equal intervals (e.g., rankings)
• 3. **Interval Data** – Numeric scale with
equal intervals, no true zero (e.g.,
temperature)
• 4. **Ratio Data** – Numeric scale with a true
zero (e.g., height, weight)
Descriptive vs. Inferential Statistics
• - **Descriptive Statistics** summarize data
(e.g., mean, median, mode, standard
deviation)
• - **Inferential Statistics** make predictions or
test hypotheses (e.g., t-tests, regression,
ANOVA)
Qualitative vs. Quantitative Data
Analysis
• - **Qualitative Analysis**: Thematic coding,
content analysis, grounded theory
• - **Quantitative Analysis**: Statistical tests,
numerical comparisons, hypothesis testing
• - **Mixed Methods**: Combines both
qualitative and quantitative approaches
Statistical Tests Overview
• Statistical tests depend on:
• - Type of data (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio)
• - Number of groups compared
• - Data distribution (normal vs. non-normal)
• Examples:
• - **Chi-square** for categorical data
• - **t-test** for comparing two means
• - **ANOVA** for comparing more than two
groups
Data Visualization Techniques
• - **Bar Charts & Pie Charts** – Categorical
data representation
• - **Histograms** – Distribution of numerical
data
• - **Scatter Plots** – Relationship between
two variables
• - **Box Plots** – Display data spread and
outliers
• - **Heatmaps** – Identify correlations and
patterns
Common Software for Data
Analysis
• - **SPSS** – Widely used for statistical
analysis in research
• - **Excel** – Basic analysis and visualization
• - **R** – Powerful statistical computing and
visualization
• - **Python (Pandas, NumPy, SciPy)** –
Advanced data analysis and machine learning
• - **NVivo** – Used for qualitative data
analysis
Best Practices in Data Analysis
• - **Ensure data quality** – Check for missing
values and errors
• - **Select appropriate statistical tests** –
Based on research objectives
• - **Interpret results carefully** – Avoid
misrepresentations
• - **Use visualizations** – Enhance
understanding of data trends
• - **Follow ethical guidelines** – Maintain
transparency and accuracy
Conclusion
• - Data analysis is crucial for deriving insights
from research
• - Selecting appropriate methods ensures
accuracy and reliability
• - Statistical tools and visualization improve
data interpretation
• - Following best practices enhances research
credibility

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