Chapter 5 Objectives
Explain augmented reality
Augmented
Reality Explain the features of augmented reality
Distinguish AR, VR, and MR
Architecture of AR systems
Application areas of augmented reality
Augmented Reality(AR): It is a view of the
physical real-world environment with
superimposed computer-generated images; thus,
Augmented
changing the perception of reality.
Reality(AR)
That means, it is a live direct or indirect view of a
physical, real-world environment whose elements
are augmented by computer-generated sensory
input such as sound, video, graphics or GPS data.
AR integrates digital information with the
user's environment in real-time.
Augmented Its convincing effect is achieved by ensuring
Reality(AR) that the virtual content is aligned and registered
with the real objects.
Unlike virtual reality, which creates a totally
artificial environment, augmented reality uses
the existing environment and overlays new
information on top of it.
You can simply experience AR using
smartphones by downloading AR apps or may be
Augmented with the help of special AR headsets, such as
Reality(AR) Google Glass, where digital content is displayed
on a tiny screen in front of a user’s eye.
Examples of augmented reality experiences
include Snapchat lenses and the game
Pokemon Go
There are some general features worth seeking out
in an AR , regardless of what type of project
you’re working on. They include the following:
Features of 3D Object Tracking: It allows to use a three-
Augmented
dimensional objects.
Reality(AR)
Smart Glasses Support: It allow for a truly
immersive experience because users can still see the
actual real world any time.
Simultaneous Localization and Mapping: It allows
users the ability to view an object from multiple angles,
move closer to it, or move farther away, adding yet
another layer of immersion to the experience.
VR is fully immersive, which tricks your senses into
thinking you’re in a different environment or world apart
from the real world
Using a head-mounted display (HMD) or headset, you’ll
experience a computer-generated world of imagery and
Virtual sounds in which you can manipulate objects and move
Reality(VR) around using haptic controllers while tethered to a console or
PC.
VR simulates a computer-generated realistic experience.
Typically VR blocks out the real world (“Reality”)and
replaces it with a “Virtual” world.
Advanced VR environment will engage all five senses (taste,
sight, smell, touch, sound)
Some of popular VR devices such as HTC Vive, Ocul us
Rift or Google Cardboard and special hand controllers
can be used to enhance it’s experiences.
Virtual Most VR headsets are connected to a computer (Oculus
Reality(VR) Rift) or a gaming console (PlayStation VR)
There are also standalone devices (Google Cardboard is
among the most popular).
Mixed Reality (MR) sometimes referred to as hybrid
reality.
It is the merging of real and virtual worlds to
produce new environments and visualizations; where
Mixed
physical and digital objects co-exist and interact in
Reality(MR)
real-time.
It means placing new imagery within a real space in
such a way that the new imagery is able to interact, to
an extent, with what is real in the physical world we
know.
For example, with MR, you can play a virtual video
game, grab your real-world water bottle, and smack an
imaginary character from the game with the bottle.
The key characteristic of MR is that the synthetic
content and the real-world content are able to react each
other in real-time.
Next-generation sensing and imaging technologies
allows us to interact with and manipulate physical and
virtual items in MR.
Mixed
Reality(MR)
Mixed reality hardware is still emerging and hasn’t
quite broken into the mainstream consumer market, most
likely due to the price.
The consumer releases of the Microsoft HoloLens and
Magic Leap One retail for over $2000 USD, which is
3 to 4 times the cost of the PlayStation VR and HTC
Vive VR headsets
Thus MR applications require exponentially high
processing power built on the top of powerful hardware.
Microsoft HoloLens tool is comprise the
following components;
Mixed Built-in microphone array
Reality(MR)
Binaural sound capabilities
A built-in camera for recording
A depth sensor
Head-tracking cameras and
An inertial measurement unit which helps
track your head movement.
Mixed Reality(MR)
Mixed reality in engineering and medicine
Architecture
of AR
Systems
Augmented reality systems standard architecture
The first Augmented Reality Systems (ARS) were
usually designed with a basis on three main blocks
Architecture Infrastructure Tracker Unit
of AR
Systems Responsible for collecting data from the real
world, sending them to the Processing Unit
Processing Unit
Mix the virtual content with the real content
and sent the result to the Video Out module
of the Visual Unit
Visual Unit
The Visual Unit can be classified into two types of system
based on the visualization technology:
Video see-through: It uses a Head-Mounted Display
Architecture (HMD) that employs a video-mixing and displays the
of AR merged images on a closed-view HMD.
Systems In video see through any AR objects mapped to real
world objects are accurate because the processing
happens on the same pipeline.
Optical see-through: It uses an HMD that employs
optical combiners to merge the images within an open-
view HMD.
For optical see through, a manual translation is
needed so that the AR objects are mapped to the real
world
Computer vision and the exponential advancement of
computer processing power (VR, AR, and MR) technology
is becoming more and more prominent.
There is some overlap in the applications and functions of
AR, VR Vs. these emerging technologies.
MR One of the most obvious differences among them is the
hardware requirements.
Moreover, the following are basic differences;
VR is content which is 100% digital and can be enjoyed
in a fully immersive environment,
AR overlays digital content on top of the real-world and
MR is a digital overlay that allows interactive virtual
elements to integrate and interact with the real-world
environment.
Recently a fast developing technologies is
augmented reality (AR), which can be applied
Application to many different disciplines such as ;
of AR
AR in Education
Systems
AR In Medicine
AR In Entertainment and
Military
AR in Education
Flexibility and attractive to education.
Application Variety of mediums- desktops, Laptops, & smartphones.
of AR Affordable learning materials –
Systems
Avoids investments in physical materials like posters,
digital illustrations, physical models, prototypes.
Interactive lessons –
Higher engagement
Higher retention
Boost intellectual curiosity
AR in medicine
AR technology enhances medicine and healthcare
Application towards more safety and efficiency.
of AR For example, augmented reality has already made
Systems significant changes in the following medical areas:
Surgery (minimally invasive surgery);
Education of future doctors;
Diagnostics
AR tools may also aid to detect the signs of
depression and other mental illnesses by reading from
facial expressions, voice tones, and physical gestures.
AR in Entertainment
Augmented reality can be used in various
Application
of AR “entertainment” industries
Systems – music, movies, live shows, games.
AR in games
AR in music
AR on TV
AR in eSports
