THE ASSAM KAZIRANGA UNIVERSITY
JORHAT , ASSAM
TOPIC :- LEUKOCYTIC DISORDERS
SUBJECT :- GENERAL AND SYSTEMIC PATHOLOGY
COURSE CODE:-HS 1G211
DEPARTMENT:- BPT ( 4TH SEM)
Presented by:-
• Jahangir Alom (SH23PTGN001)
• Riyan Boni Baruah (SH23PTGN002)
• Mrinmoy Roy (SH23PTGN003)
• Chandrika Gogoi (SH23PTGN004)
• Noirita Chutia (SH23PTGN005)
• Madhujya Dutta (SH23PTGN006)
• Mehbub Hussain (SH23PTGN007)
• Jyotichang Saikia (SH23PTGN008)
• Princhipriya Bayan (SH23PTGN010)
•
CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Types of leukocytic cells
• Types of leukocytic cell disorders
• Leukocytic cell disorders
• Causes
• Symptoms
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Summary
• References
Introduction
• White blood cell (WBC) disorders occur when WBC levels are too high or
too low.
For men, the normal range is between 5,000 and 10,000 cells/mm3.
For women, the normal range is between 4,500 and 11,000
cells/mm3
• WBCs (leukocytes) are vital for immune function, helping to fight
infections and diseases.
• They are produced in bone marrow and circulate in the blood.
• Abnormal WBC levels can indicate infections, autoimmune disorders, or
blood-related diseases.
Types of White Blood Cells
• Monocytes: Patrol the body, attacking abnormal invaders.
• Lymphocytes: Produce antibodies to fight infections.
• Neutrophils: Combat bacterial and fungal infections.
• Eosinophils: Target parasitic infections and allergic reactions.
• Basophils: Release histamines to trigger inflammation.
Types of White Blood Cell Disorders
• Quantitative Disorders: Affect the number of WBCs.
• Leukopenia: Low WBC count, weakening immune
response.( Fig: 1.1)
• Leukocytosis: High WBC count, often a response to
infection or disease.(Fig:- 1.2)
• Qualitative Disorders: Affect the function or structure of
WBCs.
Fig :1.1 Fig:1.2
White Blood Cell Disorders
• Leukopenia-Related Disorders:
- Aplastic anemia: Bone marrow stops producing new blood cells.
- Congenital neutropenia: Genetic disorder causing low neutrophil
production.
- Autoimmune neutropenia: The immune system attacks neutrophils.
• Leukocytosis-Related Disorders:
- Lymphocytic leukemia: Cancer affecting lymphocytes.
- Lymphoma: Cancer in the lymphatic system.
- Myeloproliferative disorders: Overproduction of WBCs.
Causes of White Blood Cell Disorders
• Leukopenia Causes:
- Viral infections (HIV, hepatitis), bacterial infections,
malnutrition.
- Autoimmune diseases, bone marrow disorders,
chemotherapy.
• Leukocytosis Causes:
- Bacterial and viral infections, inflammation, leukemia,
lymphoma.
- Stress, allergies, chronic diseases, bone marrow
overproduction.
Symptoms of White Blood Cell Disorders
• Leukopenia Symptoms:
- Frequent infections, fever, fatigue, chills,dizziness.
- Mouth ulcers, sore throat, difficulty breathing.
• Leukocytosis Symptoms:
- Fever, bruising, excessive sweating, tingling in limbs.
- Swelling, weight loss, vision problems, confusion.
Diagnosis
• Complete Blood Count (CBC): Measures WBC
levels and types.
• Blood Smear: Microscope analysis of WBC
structure and abnormalities.
• Bone Marrow Biopsy: Evaluates bone marrow
function and WBC production.
• Genetic Tests & Flow Cytometry: Identify
inherited disorders or abnormal WBC markers.
Treatment Options
• Infection Management: Antibiotics, antiparasitic drugs.
• Immune System Support:
- Immunosuppressants: Reduce autoimmune responses.
- Glucocorticoids: Help control inflammation.
• Cancer Treatments:
- Chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
- Stem cell transplantation for severe bone marrow disorders.
• Other Therapies:
- Colony-Stimulating Factors (CSF): Stimulate WBC production.
- Blood Component Transfusions: Temporarily replenish low blood cell
levels.
Summary
• White blood cell disorders involve abnormal
WBC counts or function.
• Symptoms vary depending on whether WBCs
are too high or too low.
• Diagnosis involves blood tests, bone marrow
analysis, and genetic screening.
• Treatment depends on the underlying cause
and may include medications, immune
therapies, or stem cell transplants.
References
• References:
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
www.verywellhealth.com
https://openai.com
