GENETIC ENGINEERING
KEERTHANA V
INDEX
INTRODUCTION
GENETIC ENGINEERING
TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES
APPLICATIONS
CONCLUSIONS
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INTRODUCTION
A gene is a segment of DNA that contains instructions for
making a specific protein or performing a particular function
in the body.
Genes are like recipes that cells use to produce proteins,
essential for the structure, function, and regulation of the
body's tissues and organs.
Each person inherits genes from their parents, and gene
variations contribute to differences in traits like eye color,
3 height, and susceptibility to certain diseases.
Genetic engineering is a technology that involves
manipulating an organism's genes, typically using
techniques that allow scientists to modify DNA directly.
This can involve inserting, deleting, or modifying genes to
achieve desired traits or outcomes. Genetic engineering has
applications in various fields, including agriculture,
medicine, and industry.
powerful tool - allows scientists to alter genetic material to
improve living organisms or create new ones with specific
characteristics.
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GENETIC
ENGINEERING
Allaby (1995) has defined genetic engineering as the modification of the genetic
information of living organisms by direct manipulation of their DNA(rather than
by the more indirect method of breeding).
Thus, a gene of known function( or economic importance) can be transferred from
its normal location into a cell(which originally lacked it via a suitable mobile
genetic element, called a vector.
TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES
• TOOLS • TECHNIQUES
• Enzymes • Isolation and Use of Restriction
• Foreign DNA/ Passenger DNA Enzymes
• Cloning vectors 1. Southern blotting techniques
• cDNA bank or cDNA library 2. Northern blotting technique
• Genomic library, gene bank 3. Western blotting technique
• Molecular probes • Vectors, Transformation and
Molecular Cloning
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ISOLATION OF GENES
Isolation of Ribosomal RNA Genes in Xenopus
PRESENTATION TITL
SEQUENCING OF GENE
1. Maxam and Gilbert’s Chemical degradation Method
E
2. Sanger’s Dideoxynucleotide Synthetic Method
3. Direct DNA Sequencing Using PCR
SYNTHESIS OF GENE
4. Organochemical Synthesis of Polynucleotides( or Chemical Synthesis of
tRNA Genes)
5. Synthesis of Gene from mRNA( or Enzymatic Synthesis of Gene)
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CONCLUSIO
N
In conclusion, genetic engineering
represents a powerful and transformative
tool with the potential to revolutionize
numerous fields, including medicine,
agriculture and environmental science.
As we move forward, it is crucial to
balance innovation with responsible
oversight, ensuring that the benefits of
genetic engineering are realized in a way
that is ethical, equitable, and sustainable
for future generations.
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THANK YOU
