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Human Digestion

The document outlines the process of digestion starting from the mouth, where food is ingested and broken down by teeth and saliva. It details the roles of the oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine in digestion and nutrient absorption, highlighting the secretion of various enzymes and substances necessary for breaking down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Finally, it notes the absorption of water in the large intestine and the elimination of waste from the body.

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anitaamitsharma00
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26 views12 pages

Human Digestion

The document outlines the process of digestion starting from the mouth, where food is ingested and broken down by teeth and saliva. It details the roles of the oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine in digestion and nutrient absorption, highlighting the secretion of various enzymes and substances necessary for breaking down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Finally, it notes the absorption of water in the large intestine and the elimination of waste from the body.

Uploaded by

anitaamitsharma00
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Nutrition starting from mouth :

(i) Mouth: Intake of whole food.

(ii) Teeth: Chewing/grinding of food.

(iii) Tongue: Rolling of food + Tasting of


food + Swallowing/Pushing down of the
food.

iv) Salivary Glands:

Secrete saliva + Mucus (It is a sticky,


gelatinous material that lines your
lungs, throat, mouth, nose, and
sinuses.)

+ Starch is converted into glucose by


saliva (Salivary amylase)
Oesophagus:
Peristaltic movements:
Taking food from mouth to stomach by
contraction and relaxation of muscles of
the oesophagus.
Stomach:

Gastric glands present in stomach secrete


gastric juice.
Small Intestine: The small intestine is the site of the complete digestion of
carbohydrates, proteins and fats.

(a) Walls of small intestine secrete intestinal enzyme which convert


Carbohydrates into glucose, fats in fatty acid + glycerol and Proteins into amino
acids.

(b) It has Villi (finger like projection) which help in the absorption of food into
blood.

(c) It receives the secretions of the liver and pancreas.

→ The food is acidic which is made alkaline for the pancreatic enzymes to act.
The pancreas secretes pancreatic juice which contains enzymes like trypsin for
digesting proteins and lipase for breaking down emulsified fats.
→ Fats are present in the intestine in the form of large globules which makes it
difficult for enzymes to act on them. Bile salts break them down into smaller
Small
Intestine
Large Intestine:

(a) Absorb excess of water.

(b) The rest of the material is


removed from the body via the anus.

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