Climate change
refers to the statistically significant changes in climate for
continuous period of time. Climate change is a long-term
change in the average weather patterns that have come to
define Earth’s local, regional and global climates.
CAUSES OF
CLIMATE
CHANGE
Volcanic Eruptions
Volcanic eruptions are one of
the natural causes of climate
change. When volcanoes
erupt, it emits different natural
aerosols like carbon dioxide,
sulfur dioxides, salt crystals,
volcanic ashes or dust, and
even microorganisms like
bacteria and viruses
Orbital Changes
Proposed by the Milankovitch theory,
Earth's orbit can also cause climate
change. The theory states "that as the
Earth travels through space around the
Sun, cyclical variations in three elements
of Earth-Sun geometry combine to
produce variations in the amount of solar
energy that reaches Earth (Academic
Emporia, 2017).
The three elements that have cyclic
variations are eccentricity, obliquity, and
precession.
Eccentricity is a term
used to describe the shape Precession is the change
of Earth's orbit around the in orientation of Earth's
Sun. The impact of the rotational axis. The
variation is a change in the precession cycle takes
amount of solar energy about 19,000 to 23,000
from perihelion (around Obliquity is the years. Precession is caused
January 3) to aphelion variation of the tilt of by two factors: a wobble of
(around July 4). Earth's axis away from Earth's axis and a turning
the orbital plane. As this around of the elliptical orbit
tilt changes, the of Earth itself (Academic
seasons become more Emporia, 2017). Obliquity
exaggerated. The affected the tilt of Earth's
obliquity changes on a axis, precession affects
cycle taking thedirection of Earth'saxis.
approximately 40,000
years
The Carbon Dioxide Theory
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is added when power and
heat are produced by burning coal, oil, and
other fossil fuels. Carbon dioxide is transparent
to sunshine but not invisible to infrared (heat)
radiation leaving the ground. Carbon dioxide
absorbs part of the infrared radiation in the air
and returns it to the ground keeping the air
near the surface warmer than it would be if the
carbon dioxide did not act like a blanket.
Doubling the carbon dioxide raises the
temperature to 2°C to 3°C.
Human Activities
Human activities contribute to climate change. The
largest known contribution comes from the burning
of fossil fuels, which releases carbon dioxide gas to
the atmosphere. Since the start of the industrial
era (about 1750), the overall effect of human
activities on climate has been a warming influence.
Human activities result in emissions of four
principal greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide (CO₂),
methane (CH), nitrous oxide (N₂O) and the
halocarbons (a group of gases containing fluorine,
chlorine, and bromine).
Effects of
Climate
Change on
Society
Melting glaciers
Declining crop yields Ocean edification,
will increase flood Clouds form when The movement of
risks during the wet water vapor water between the
season and strongly condenses in the hydrosphere and
reduce dry-season atmosphere. The type atmosphere helps
water supplies to of cloud can affect the create different
one-sixth of the kind of weather we weather conditions
world's population experience, like
around the world.
Other Effects of Climate Change:
Increase Sudden shifts in Widespread of vector-
regional weather borne diseases such
worldwide
patterns like as malaria and
deaths from mondoons or the El dengue fever
malnutrition Niño
and heat
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