Lesson 1
Unit 13.3
ALKALI METALS
Page no. 225-229
WARM UP
Write the electronic configuration of Li,
Na, and K.
What is the possible charge on the ion formed
by Na and K?
All group I elements will lose electrons to form +1
ion.
Hence, group I elements have similar chemical
properties.
Remember!
Group I elements have similar
chemical properties i.e., they all loose
1 electron, forms +1 ion , reacts with
water to produce_____________ but in
a different way at different speed.
Challenge your brain!
[Link] of these elements, Li, Na,
and K reacted the fastest with
water?
Challenge your brain!
1. Which of these elements, Li, Na, and K reacted the
fastest with water? - Potassium
2. Which element do you think is most reactive?
Challenge your brain!
1. Which of these elements, Li, Na, and K reacted the
fastest with water? - Potassium
2. Which element do you think is most reactive? -
Potassium
3. Can you Identify the trend of reactivity down the group?
Challenge your brain!
1. Which of these elements, Li, Na, and K reacted the fastest with water?-
Potassium
2. Which element do you think is most reactive? - Potassium
3. Can you Identify the trend of reactivity down the
group? -reactivity increases down the group
4. Why the reactivity increases down the group I?
Explaining the order of reactivity in Group 1
• Group 1 elements react by losing their outer shell electron to form
metal ions with a 1+ charge, and hence gain a full outer shell.
• The further away from the positively charged nucleus the outer shell
electron is, the easier it is for the atom to lose it, so the more
reactive the element is.
• This is because the attraction between the negatively charged
electron and the nucleus gets weaker the further away the electron
is, and the more shells there are in between.
Group I compounds are white but they
water turn pink due to presence of
phenolphthalein indicator.
Can anyone explain why the indicator
gave pink color as metal react with
water?
WORD EQUATION
How to write a word equation
Word equations are a quick and simple way of
summarizing chemical reactions.
Reactant Products
Look at the description of this reaction:
“sodium metal reacted with a solution of cold
water producing a solution of sodium
hydroxide and hydrogen gas.”
The word equation is much simpler:
Sodium + water → sodium hydroxide +
hydrogen.
• As the reactivity of alkali metals increases down the group,
rubidium, caesium and francium will react more
vigorously with air and water than lithium, sodium and
potassium
• Lithium will be the least reactive metal in the group at the
top, and francium will be the most reactive at the bottom
• Francium is rare and radioactive so is difficult to confirm
predictions
Do You Know?
Group 1 metals are very reactive! They are normally stored under oil.
The oil acts as a barrier preventing them from reacting with oxygen in
the air, or with water.
Trend
Reactivity increases as we
go down the group
An alkali An alkali
metal metal in
stored in oil water
Name………………………………………………
Formula ………………………………………….. (2)
Wrap up
• Draw lines to match each group I metal to its reaction with
water
a)Lithium • Metal darts around the surface and reacts
violently
b) Sodium • Metal darts around very quickly on the water
surface and reacts very violently. Reaction is
explosive.
c) Potassium • Metal floats on the water and reacts quickly.
d) Rubidium • Metal sinks in water and reacts very violently.
Reaction is explosive.
LESSON 2
• PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF
HALOGENS
• Page no. 228
What is the Electronic configuration of F and Cl
Identify the halogens.
Chlorine Bromine Iodine
Have you observed any trend in the
color?
Is there any trend in the state?
Can you tell the trend in the density of Group VII
elements down the group?
Density and Appearance:
Group VII
Elements
GROUP 7 - THE HALOGENS
The word halogen is derived from Greek word that mean
‘Salt maker.’
The Halogens are the elements in Group 7
They are non-metals, having coloured vapours.
The halogen elements consist of molecules made up of
pairs of atoms. e.g. chlorine is Cl2(g)
They each have 7 electrons in their outer shell.
Trends in the physical properties
of the halogens
As we go down Group 7:
• colour increases in intensity
• state goes from gas to liquid to solid
• melting point increases
• boiling point increases
We would therefore predict that astatine would be a very
dark (black) element, solid at room temperature, and with a
melting and boiling point higher than those of iodine .
Halogens exists as Diatomic
molecules
CONCEPT CHECK
CCQ:
Why do you think the elements in group VII are
named halogens.
Answer:
Halogen means 'salt-forming
compounds'. Group 7 elements when they
react with metal forms salt, hence the
name halogen.
Wrap Up
Lesson 3
Chemical Properties of halogens
Page no. 229-230
Let's Recall!
• Write the electronic configuration of F, Cl.
• To which group do the halogens belong?
• How many electrons are there in outer
shells of halogens?
• How do they achieve stability?
Chemical
Properties
Trend in reactivity:
Reactivity of the
halogens decreases as
we go down the group
(opposite trend to
Group 1)
Halogens have 7 electrons in their outer shell. They react by gaining an
electron to complete their outer shell, or by sharing electrons with other
atoms.
As, the outer electrons are away from nucleus so gaining e becomes difficult
Reactions with metals
When a halogen atom gains an electron, it forms an ion with
a 1- charge, which we call a halide ion:
fluoride F-
chloride Cl-
bromide Br-
iodide I-
Word equation and
symbolic equation
When symbols mentioned
in periodic table are used
Chemical equation is the
to write chemical
symbolic representation
equation replacing names
of a chemical reaction.
of elements and
compounds.
Displacement reactions of halogens
A more reactive halogen can
displace a less reactive
halogen from an aqueous
solution of its halide salts.
1. Cl2(aq) + 2 KBr(aq) Br2(aq) + 2 KCl(aq)
chlorine + potassium bromide bromine + potassium chloride
2. Br2(aq) + 2 KI(aq) I2(aq) + 2 KBr(aq)
bromine + potassium iodide iodine + potassium bromide
Class Activity
SAMPLE QUESTION
1. Fluorine, chlorine and bromine are in Group VII of the
Periodic Table.
•State the name given to Group VII elements.
...................................................................................................... [1]
•Explain why Group VII elements have similar chemical
properties.
...................................................................................................... [1]
2. Chlorine displaces bromine from aqueous sodium bromide but does
not displace fluorine from aqueous sodium fluoride.
a) Complete and balance the equation for the reaction between
chlorine and aqueous sodium bromide.
Cl2 + _________ NaBr ______________ + _________ [2]
b) State why chlorine does not displace fluorine from aqueous
sodium fluoride.
....................................................................................................................................... [1]
Wrap up
