Chapter 2
Elements, Mixtures &
compounds
Reference: Page no. 20-31
WEEK 9 – Lesson 1
Elements, compounds &
mixtures
All substances can be
classified into one of these
three types
• Elements
• Compounds
• Mixtures
What is an
element?
• A substance made of
atoms that all contain
the same number of
protons and cannot be
split into anything simpler.
• There are 118 elements
found in the Periodic Table
Element - Definition
An element is a
pure substance
that cannot be
broken down into Reference page:
two or more
simpler 20 – Textbook
substances by
chemical
processes.
What is a
compound?
• A pure substance made up of two
or more elements chemically
combined in fixed ratio.
• There are unlimited number of
compounds.
• Compounds cannot be separated
into their elements by physical
means.
• E.g. copper(II) sulfate (CuSO 4),
calcium carbonate (CaCO3), carbon
dioxide (CO2)
Properties of
compounds
• Properties of compounds are
totally different from
properties of original
elements.
• Example: Mixture of iron and
sulfur is heated, atoms react
to form iron sulfide.
• Iron sulfide is not much like
iron (it’s not attracted to the
magnet), nor is it much like
sulfur (It’s not yellow in color)
Fixed ratio of
atoms
• Ammonia
• Calcium chloride
• Nitric acid
• Sodium hydroxide
What is a
mixture? What is a mixture?
A combination of two or more
substances (elements and/or
compounds) that
are not chemically combined. No
fixed ratio
Mixtures can be separated
by physical methods such as
filtration or evaporation
E.g. sand and water, oil and water,
sulfur powder and iron filings
AIR
Particle Diagram
Difference between pure
substance & mixture
• In everyday language, we use the word pure to
describe when something is natural or clean and to
which nothing else has been added
• In chemistry, a pure substance may consist of
a single element or compound which contains no
other substances
• For example, pure water contains only H2O molecules
and nothing else
• Drinking water would not be classed as a mixture and
not a pure substance because it contains H 2O
molecules and additional substances like dissolved
ions and chlorine.
Difference between elements & compounds
Reference: Textbook page 25
Can it be
Are the type
broken down
of atoms
into simpler
same?
substance?
Difference between mixtures and
compounds
• Can it be separated or broken down?
• If yes, Physical means or chemical processes?
• Are the properties same or different from constituents?
• Does a chemical reaction take place?
• Is the ration fixed?
SEPARATING
TECHNIQUES
How do you separate two
solids?
How do you separate two or more solids?
Few techniques
Mag
Hand Sie netic
picki vin sepa
ng g ratio
n
Physical means of separation
How do you
separate a
solid dissolved
in a liquid?
Class Activity –
Practice Sheet
WRAP UP
Discussion of Practice Sheet Questions
