FOURTH PILLAR – CORECTION PILLAR
- in this stage, correction, rehabilitation and reorientation
of those who judicially found guilty will takes place
- is that branch of the administration of criminal justice
charged with the responsibility for the custody, supervision an
rehabilitation of the convicted persons.
CORRECTION is in view of reorientation or re instruction of the
individual with a purpose of preventing a repetition of the
unlawful activities without necessity of taking punitive action
ROLE OF CORRECTION IN CJS :
1. Maintaining institutions such as prisons, jails, and
others
2. Reforming offenders by rehabilitating and
reassimilating them into the mainstream of
society
3. Protecting law abiding members of society
4. Deterring crimes, fear of denial of liberty
5. Reintegration of the offender to the community
2 APPROACHES OF CORRECTION
INSTITUTIONAL NON INSTITUTIONAL
CORRECTION CORRECTION
Rehabilitation or Rehabilitation or
correctional programs take correctional programs take
place inside correctional place within the community.
facilities of institutions such This is otherwise refers to
as national penitentiaries as community- based
and jails correction. Is this approach
the convict will not be
placed in correctional
facility or jail.
First approach: INSTITUTIONALIZED/NON
COMMUNITY BASED CORRECTION
AGENCIES UNDER THIS PILLAR:
[Link] – SAF under DILG
[Link] OF CORRECTION
[Link] CITY JAILS
[Link]/CITY/DISTRICT JAILS under BJMP
[Link] AND PROBATION ADMINISTRATION under DOJ
[Link] OF PARDON AND PAROLE under DOJ
[Link] in cases of minor offenders
THE INSTITUTIONALIZED TREATMENT PROGRAMS:
[Link] for basic needs of inmates
[Link] services
[Link] and skills training
[Link] services, guidance and counselling services
[Link], sports and entertainment
[Link] programs such as livelihood projects
[Link] services
[Link] services
JAIL PRISON
AS TO TERM OF 3 YEARS AND MORE THAN 3
PENALTY BELOW YEARS
AS TO INMATES CONVICTED/ ALL CONVICTED
PENDING
TRIAL/UNDERGOING
INVESTIGATION
AS TO PROVINCIAL JAIL- PNP- SAF, BUREAU
ADMINISTRATION PROVINCIAL OF CORRECTION
GOVERNMENT,
CITY/MUNICIPAL/DIS
TRICT JAIL- BJMP
AS TO HEAD OF WARDEN SUPERINTENDENT
INSTITUTION
COMMITMENT ORDER – a written order of the court or
any competent authority consigning an offender to a jail
or prison for confinement.
TYPES OF JAILS:
[Link] UP JAIL – a security facility for the temporary
detention of persons held for investigation or awaiting
preliminary investigation.
[Link] JAIL – it houses both offenders awaiting
court action and those serving short sentences usually
up to 3 years
LEGAL GROUNDS OF DETAINING A PERSON
3. Commission of a crime
4. Violent insanity or any other ailment requiring
REQUIREMENT FOR COMMITMENT
1. Commitment order
2. Medical certificate
3. Complaint/information
4. Police booking sheet
MITTIMUS ORDER – it is a warrant issued by a court
bearing its seal and it the signature of the judge directing
the jail or prison authorities to receive the convicted
offender for service of sentence
GENERAL CATEGORIES OF INMATES
[Link] PRISONER – convicted with final
judgement
[Link] PRISONER – inmates go is undergoing
investigation/trial or awaiting trial/sentencing
CLASSIFICATION OF SENTENCED PRISONERS
[Link] OR NATIONAL PRISONERS – is a person who is
sentenced to serve a prison sentence of 3 years and 1
day to death
[Link] PRISONER – is a person who is sentenced to
serve a prison sentence of 6 months and 1 day to 3 years
[Link] PRISONER – is a person who is sentenced to serve a
prison sentence of 1 day to 3 years
[Link] PRISONER – is a person who is sentenced to
serve a prison sentence of 1 day to 6 months
Second Approach: NON INSTITUTIONALIZED
CORRECTION
PROBATION – as a disposition, under which a
defendant after conviction and sentence is
released subject to the conditions imposed by
the court and to the supervision of a
PURPOSES OF
probation officer PROBATION LAW ARE:
[Link] the correction and rehabilitation by
providing the offender with individualized
treatment
[Link] for the reformation of an offender
which might be less probable if he were to serve a
DISQUALIFIED OFFENDERS ARE:
[Link] serve a maximum term of
imprisonment of more than 6 years
[Link] of any crime against the national
security (CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC ORDER)
[Link] have been previously convicted by
final judgement of an offense
OBLIGATIONS OF A PROBATIONER:
4. Present himself to the probation officer within
72hours
5. Report himself at least once a month
6. Not to violate the conditions of his probation
PARDON – a from of executive clemency which Is
exercise by the Chief executive. It is an act of grace and
the recipient of pardon is the entitled to it is as a matter
of right.
- it can only be granted only after conviction by
final judgement.
2 KINDS OF PARDON:
1. ABSOLUTE PARDON – extended without any
conditions or strings attached.
2. CONDITIONAL PARDON – under which the convict is
oblige to follow certain conditions
OTHER FORMS OF EXECUTIVE CLEMENCY:
1. AMNESTY – given by the president with the concurrence of
the majority of congress. Granted to classes of prison or
communities wo may be guilty of political offense.
2. COMMUTATION – is a remission of a part of the
punishment; a substitution of a less penalty for the one
originally imposed.
3. REMISSION OF FINES AND FORFEITURES – merely prevents
the collection of fines or the confiscation of forfeited
property; it cannot have the effect of returning property
which has been vested to third parties or money already
in public treasury
PAROLE – it refers to the conditional release of an offender
from a correctional institution after he serves the minimum
term of his prison sentence. It does not have the effect of
extinguishing the criminal liability of the offender
FIFTH PILLAR – COMMUNITY (INFORMAL)
- As a pillar is very indispensable in the
system because in the absence of citizen’s
assistance, the criminal justice system will
not be able to handle effectively the
complicated task of preventing and
controlling crime.
After the convicts have passed through the
correction component, either unconditionally, or by
parole or pardon, they go back to the community
and either lead a normal lives as law abiding
citizens or, regrettably commit another crime and
thus go back through the same process of the CJS
again.
IN CONCLUSION, the five pillars of the
CJS are by no means independent of
each other. What each one does and
how it does has direct effect on the
work of others. Hence, in order to attain
and meet the goals of the system, each
pillar must function efficiently
because the failure of one means
the failure of the entire system.
