Yetkazib berish zanjirlarida

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Ro’ziyev Sobirjon Samatovich
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1-mavzu. Yetkazib berish zanjirlarining
mohiyati, ahamiyati va samaradorligi
 1. What Is Supply Chain Management
(SCM)?
• Supply chain management is the management
of the flow of goods and services and includes
all processes that transform raw materials into
final products.
• It involves the active streamlining of a
business's supply-side activities to maximize
customer value and gain a competitive
advantage in the marketplace.
 Why Is Supply Chain Management
Important?
• Supply chain management is important because it can help
achieve several business objectives. For instance, controlling
manufacturing processes can improve product quality,
reducing the risk of recalls and lawsuits while helping to build
a strong consumer brand.
• At the same time, controls over shipping procedures can
improve customer service by avoiding costly shortages or
periods of inventory oversupply.
• Overall, supply chain management provides several
opportunities for companies to improve their profit margins
and is especially important for companies with large and
international operations.
 How Are Ethics and Supply Chain
Management Related?
• Ethics has become an increasingly important aspect
of supply chain management, so much so that a set
of principles called supply chain ethics was born.
• Consumers and investors are invested in how
companies produce their products, treat their
workforce, and protect the environment.
• As a result, companies respond by instituting
measures to reduce waste, improve working
conditions, and lessen the impact on the
environment.
2. How Supply Chain Management (SCM) Works
• Supply chain management (SCM) represents an effort by suppliers
to develop and implement supply chains that are as efficient and
economical as possible. Supply chains cover everything from
production to product development to the information systems
needed to direct these undertakings.
• Typically, SCM attempts to centrally control or link the production,
shipment, and distribution of a product. By managing the supply
chain, companies can cut excess costs and deliver products to the
consumer faster. This is done by keeping tighter control of internal
inventories, internal production, distribution, sales, and the
inventories of company vendors.
• SCM is based on the idea that nearly every product that comes to
market results from the efforts of various organizations that make
up a supply chain. Although supply chains have existed for ages,
most companies have only recently paid attention to them as a
value-add to their operations
 What Element of the Marketing Mix Deals
With Supply Chain Management?
• Place is the marketing mix element that deals
with supply chain management as it involves
the processes that take goods and services
from their raw beginnings to the ultimate
destination—the customer.
 3. Parts of SCM
• The supply chain manager tries to minimize shortages and keep costs down. The
job is not only about logistics and purchasing inventory. According to Salary.com,
supply chain managers “oversee and manage overall supply chain and logistic
operations to maximize efficiency and minimize the cost of organization's supply
chain."
• Productivity and efficiency improvements can go straight to the bottom line of a
company. Good supply chain management keeps companies out of the headlines
and away from expensive recalls and lawsuits. In SCM, the supply chain manager
coordinates the logistics of all aspects of the supply chain which consists of the
following five parts.
• a.Planning
• To get the best results from SCM, the process usually begins with planning to
match supply with customer and manufacturing demands. Firms must predict
what their future needs will be and act accordingly. This relates to raw materials
needed during each stage of manufacturing, equipment capacity and limitations,
and staffing needs along the SCM process. Large entities often rely on ERP
system modules to aggregate information and compile plans.
 b.Sourcing
Efficient SCM processes rely very heavily on strong relationships with suppliers.
Sourcing entails working with vendors to supply the raw materials needed throughout
the manufacturing process. A company may be able to plan and work with a supplier
to source goods in advance. However, different industries will have different sourcing
requirements. In general, SCM sourcing includes ensuring:
• the raw materials meet the manufacturing specification needed for the
production of goods.
• the prices paid for the goods are in line with market expectations.
• the vendor has the flexibility to deliver emergency materials due to unforeseen
events.
• the vendor has a proven record of delivering goods on time and in good quality.

Supply chain management is especially critical when manufacturers are working with
perishable goods. When sourcing goods, firms should be mindful of lead time and
how well a supplier can comply with those needs.
 c. Manufacturing
• At the heart of the supply chain management process, the
company transforms raw materials by using machinery, labor,
or other external forces to make something new. This final
product is the ultimate goal of the manufacturing process,
though it is not the final stage of supply chain management.
• The manufacturing process may be further divided into sub-
tasks such as assembly, testing, inspection, or packaging.
During the manufacturing process, a firm must be mindful of
waste or other controllable factors that may cause deviations
from original plans. For example, if a company is using more
raw materials than planned and sourced for due to a lack of
employee training, the firm must rectify the issue or revisit
the earlier stages in SCM.
 d.Delivering
• Once products are made and sales are finalized, a company
must get the products into the hands of its customers. The
distribution process is often seen as a brand image
contributor, as up until this point, the customer has not yet
interacted with the product. In strong SCM processes, a
company has robust logistic capabilities and delivery channels
to ensure timely, safe, and inexpensive delivery of products.
• This includes having a backup or diversified distribution
methods should one method of transportation temporarily be
unusable. For example, how might a company's delivery
process be impacted by record snowfall in distribution center
areas?
 e.Returning
• The supply chain management process concludes with support for the
product and customer returns. Its bad enough that a customer needs to
return a product, and its even worse if its due to an error on the company's
part. This return process is often called reverse logistics, and the company
must ensure it has the capabilities to receive returned products and
correctly assign refunds for returns received. Whether a company is
performing a product recall or a customer is simply not satisfied with the
product, the transaction with the customer must be remedied.
• Many consider customer returns as an interaction between the customer
and the company. However, a very important part of customer returns is the
intercompany communication to identify defective products, expired
products, or non-conforming goods. Without addressing the underlying
cause of a customer return, the supply chain management process will have
failed, and future returns will likely persist.
 4. Types of Supply Chain Models
• Supply chain management does not look the
same for all companies.
• Each business has its own goals, constraints,
and strengths that shape what its SCM process
looks like.
• In general, there are often six different
primary models a company can adopt to guide
its supply chain management processes.
 a) Continuous Flow Model:
• One of the more traditional supply chain
methods, this model is often best for mature
industries.
• The continuous flow model relies on a
manufacturer producing the same good over
and over and expecting customer demand will
little variation.
 b) Agile Model:
• This model is best for companies with
unpredictable demand or customer-order
products.
• This model prioritizes flexibility, as a company
may have a specific need at any given moment
and must be prepared to pivot accordingly.
 c) Fast Model:
• This model emphasizes the quick turnover of a
product with a short life cycle.
• Using a fast chain model, a company strives to
capitalize on a trend, quickly produce goods,
and ensure the product is fully sold before the
trend ends.
 d) Flexible Model:
• The flexible model works best for companies
impacted by seasonality.
• Some companies may have much higher
demand requirements during peak season and
low volume requirements in others.
• A flexible model of supply chain management
makes sure production can easily be ramped
up or wound down.
 e) Efficient Model:
• For companies competing in industries with
very tight profit margins, a company may
strive to get an advantage by making their
supply chain management process the most
efficient.
• This includes utilizing equipment and
machinery in the most ideal ways in addition
to managing inventory and processing orders
most efficiently.
 f) Custom Model:
• If any model above doesn't suit a company's
needs, it can always turn towards a custom
model.
• This is often the case for highly specialized
industries with high technical requirements
such as an automobile manufacturer.
 KEY TAKEAWAYS
• Supply chain management (SCM) is the centralized
management of the flow of goods and services and includes
all processes that transform raw materials into final
products.
• By managing the supply chain, companies can cut excess
costs and deliver products to the consumer faster and more
efficiently.
• Good supply chain management keeps companies out of
the headlines and away from expensive recalls and lawsuits.
• The five most critical elements of SCM are developing a
strategy, sourcing raw materials, production, distribution,
and returns.
• A supply chain manager is tasked with controlling and
reducing costs and avoiding supply shortages.
• Uyga vazifa:
SCM, Yetkazib berish zanjirlariga oid boshqa ta’riflarni o’rganish

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