What Is Matter?
• The term matter describes all of the physical substances
around us.
• The Universe is made up of matter and energy.
• Anything that has mass and takes up space (volume).
Think About It: All of the above examples are considered
matter because they have mass and take up space.
Can you think of anything that would not be considered
matter?
Photo courtesy of Brian Westin (@[Link]) - granted under creative commons licence – attribution
Learning Intentions:
By end of the unit, I will be able to , (1st week)
• Understand Thomson’s model of atom
• Understand Ernest Rutherford’s experiment
• Understand Ernest Rutherford’s model of atom.
• Know that the electrostatic attraction between positive and negative
charge is what holds together individual atoms.
• Understand different subatomic particles , in terms of:
-Charge
-Mass
-Position in the atom
TED ED
[Link]
RaY
JJ Thomson
►J.J. Thomson's experiments with cathode ray tubes
showed that all atoms contain tiny negatively
charged subatomic particles or electrons.
►Postulates of Thomson's atomic model:
►According to Thomson atoms were positively charged
spheres and the electrons were embedded in it.
►The negative and positive charges were equal.
►so the overall atom was electrically neutral. The
positive charge on the atom was uniformly distributed.
Thomson’s “Plum Pudding” Atom
Model
Plum
pudding
model
OR
Watermelon
model
Gold Foil experiment Video
[Link]
Simulation of JJ Thompson and Rutherford experiments
[Link]
[Link]
What Is an Atom?
• Matter is made up of atoms.
• An atom is smallest unit of an element.
• Consists of a central nucleus
surrounded by one or more electrons.
• Subatomic particles are smaller than
atoms and are the tiny particles that an
atom is made of.
Photo courtesy of Wikipedia (@[Link]) - granted under creative commons licence – attribution
Structure of Atom
What Is the Nucleus?
• The central part of an atom.
• Composed of protons and
neutrons.
• Contains most of an atom's
mass.
Photo courtesy of Wikipedia - granted under creative commons licence – attribution
What Is a Proton?
• Positively charged particles. +
• Equal to the number of electrons. ++ +
What Is a Neutron?
0 0
0
0 • Neutral particles; have no
0
00 charge.
Photo courtesy of Brian Westin (@[Link]) - granted under creative commons licence – attribution
What Is an Electron?
• Negatively charged particles.
• Found outside the nucleus of the atom. -
• Electron revolves around the nucleus in an orbit.
• Move so rapidly around the nucleus that they -
create an electron cloud.
• Mass is insignificant when compared to protons
and neutrons. -
• Equal to the number of protons.
• Involved in the formation of chemical bonds.
Photo courtesy of Brian Westin (@[Link]) - granted under creative commons licence – attribution
By end of this unit, I will be able to:
• Understand the concept of atomic number and
mass number.
• Identify the element based on the atomic
number.
• Calculate number of protons, neutrons and
electrons from the given information.
• Draw atomic structures of elements uptil
atomic number 20
• Write electronic configuration of first 20
elements.
The structure of the 2nd week
atom
Learning Intentions:
To give a detailed explanation of atomic structure.
• State the charge and relative mass of
protons neutrons and electrons
• Describe what the atomic number and
the mass number of an atom represent
• Discuss why overall atoms have no net
charge
Recall - First 20 elements of periodic
table
ELECTRONS ORBIT THE NUCLEUS IN
SHELLS
▪Electrons orbit the
nucleus at set
distances in certain,
fixed energy levels
(AKA shells).
▪The first energy
level can hold up to
2 electrons
Oxygen has an atomic number
▪The second and of 8. What is its electronic
configuration?
third can hold up to
2, 8
8 electrons each
Atoms
1. Atomic Number = Number of protons in nucleus
2. The number of protons = Number of electrons
►Atomic Mass = Number of protons + Number of
neutrons
Let’s Practice
►Aluminum (Al) Do not use periodic table
▪ Protons = 13
▪ Electrons =
▪ Neutrons = 14
▪ Atomic Number =
▪ Atomic Mass =
▪Electronic Configuration =
Let’s Practice
Do not use periodic table
▪ Protons =
▪ Electrons =
▪ Neutrons =
▪ Atomic Number =
▪ Atomic Mass =
Let’s Practice
►Silicon
▪ Number of Protons =
▪ Number of Electrons =
▪ Number of Neutrons =
▪ Atomic Number =
▪ Atomic Mass =
▪electronic configuration=
Let’s Practice
►Calcium
▪ Number of Protons =
▪ Number of Electrons =
▪ Number of Neutrons =
▪ Atomic Number =
▪ Atomic Mass =
▪ Electronic
configuration=
Let’s Practice
►Do not use periodic
table
▪ Protons =
4
A
▪ Electrons =
▪ Neutrons = 7
▪ Atomic Number =
10
g
▪ Atomic Mass =
8
Let’s Practice
►use the periodic table
▪ Protons =
▪ Electrons =
Uranium-
▪ Neutrons = 235
▪ Atomic Number =
▪ Atomic Mass =
Let’s Practice
►use the periodic table
▪ Number of Protons =
▪ Number of Electrons =
▪ Number of Neutrons =
▪ Atomic Number =
▪ Atomic Mass =
▪ What atom is this ?
Let’s Practice
Use the periodic table
▪ Number of Protons =
▪ Number of Electrons =
▪ Number of Neutrons =
▪ Atomic Number =
▪ Atomic Mass =
▪ What atom is this?
Atomic structure - PhET Simulation
Go to
[Link]
an-atom_all.html
Charge Ions
Cations are positively-charged ions (atoms or groups of atoms that
have more protons than electrons due to having lost one or more
electrons).
Anions are negatively-charged ions (meaning they have more
electrons than protons due to having gained one or more electrons).
Capacity of losing, gaining and sharing electrons are called valency.
Practice
1. Draw a representation of an atom with 17 protons, 18 neutrons,
and 18 electrons.
2. Draw a representation of an atom/ion with 11 protons, 12
neutrons, and 10 electrons.
LEARNING CHECKPOINT 10 minutes
End
• Which element would you
associate with the devil?
Choose from C, O or N.
• Think of the number of
protons, electron and neutrons
C = 6, 6 and 6
N = 7, 7 and 7
O = 8, 8 and 8
WORKSHEET with ANSWERS
Your Guide to Atom Shell Electrons it
The Atom Electron number can hold
1
2
Orbital Proton 2 8
3 8
Nucleus
Neutron
Mass number The
____________________:
To find the number of neutrons in an atom you need to Protons
total number of ___________
Mass number – atomic number
________________________________________________________________ &Neutrons
_____________
Atomic Symbol: 7
________
Element
Subatomic particle Charge Mass Location in atom
____________________ Li
Symbol
Electron -1
0 Orbital _ 3
Neutron 0 1 Nucleus Atomic Number:
___________
Proton +1 1 Nucleus Protons
Number of ___________
which is equal to the
number ofElectrons
______________
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WORKSHEET ANSWERS
2. Example using Li Has an atomic number of 3 so 3 protons
and 3 electrons. Has a mass number of 7
so 7-3 = 4 neutrons
3. Describe where each type of particle is found in the atom
Protons and neutrons in nucleus, electrons orbiting on outside
4. Sketch your atom
Sketch includes nucleus (protons and neutrons). Correct number of
each with labelling. Correct number of electrons in shells.
5. What parts are accurate when comparing to real atom
Numbers of each subatomic particles, number of electrons in shells
6. Explain which aspects of atom are not represent very well
The size of the model!
WHAT HAVE WE LEARNT TODAY?
• State the charge and relative mass
of protons neutrons and electrons
• Describe what the atomic number
and the mass number of an atom
represent
• Discuss why overall atoms have no
net charge
Task: In your books write a sentence or two discussing which
learning objectives you have reached today.
1. Are there any bits you found easy or interesting?
2. Are there any parts you found difficult?
3. How could you improve on your current knowledge?
Exit ticket - Quiz
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
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1
The most important
thing to remember
from this lesson is…
BACK TO MENU
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3
The bit I didn’t get
was......
BACK TO MENU
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4
The mass number is
the number of _____ +
the number of ______
BACK TO MENU
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5
Before this lesson I did
not know that…
BACK TO MENU
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6
What is the charge of
the proton and where
is it found?
BACK TO MENU
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7
Why do atoms have an
overall neutral
charge?
BACK TO MENU
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8
The lesson was
about…
BACK TO MENU
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9
The atomic number tells us
the number of _____ and
_______
BACK TO MENU
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Practice Questions
Science Learners book page no. 154
Solve question 1 to 5
Open page no. 156 of your textbook
Solve question 6 to 10
