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AXILLA

The axilla is a pyramidal area located beneath the junction of the upper limb and thorax, serving as a passage for vessels and nerves. It is bounded by the clavicle, scapula, and first rib at the apex, with various muscles forming the walls and skin and fascia as the base. Clinical significance includes conditions like thoracic outlet syndrome and the importance of axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment.

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340 views23 pages

AXILLA

The axilla is a pyramidal area located beneath the junction of the upper limb and thorax, serving as a passage for vessels and nerves. It is bounded by the clavicle, scapula, and first rib at the apex, with various muscles forming the walls and skin and fascia as the base. Clinical significance includes conditions like thoracic outlet syndrome and the importance of axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment.

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Sidra tul muntaha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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AXILLA

 THE AXILLA IS AREA THAT LIES UNDERNEATH


THE JUNCTION OF THE UPPER LIMB AND THE
THORAX.
 IS A PASSAGE BY WHICH STRUCTURES SUCH
AS VESSELS AND NERVES CAN ENTER AND
LEAVE THE UPPER LIMB.
 SHAPE LIKE A PYRAMID.
 CONSIST OF FOUR SIDES AND A BASE WITH AN
OPENING AT THE APEX.
BOUNDRIES
APEX
 ALSO KNOWN AS THE AXILLARY INLET FORMING A PASSAGE
KNOWN AS CERVICO-AXILLARY CANAL

 TRIANGULAR SHAPE
 FORMED BY

ANTERIORLY BY THE CLAVICLE
POSTERIORLY BY SUPERIOR BORDER OF SCAPULA
 MEDIALLY BY OUTER LATERAL BORDER OF THE FIRST RIB
BASE/ FLOOR
IN FRONT ANT . AXILLARY FOLD
( FORM BY LOWER BORDER OF PECTORALIS MAJOR
MUSCLE)

BEHIND
 POST. AXILLARY FOLD (FORM BY THE TENDON OF
LASTISMUS DORSI AND
 TERES MAJOR MUSCLE

MEDIALLY CHEST WALL


ANTERIOR WALL
 PECTORALIS MAJOR FRONT
 PECTORALIS MINOR
 SUBCLAVIUS MUSCLES.
LATERAL WALL
INTERTUBECULAR GROOVE OF THE HUMERUS.
SHORT HEAD OF BICEP
CORACOBRACHIALIS

MEDIAL WALL
SERRATUS ANTERIOR
THE THORACIC WALL
(RIBS AND INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES).

BASE
SKIN & FASCIA
CONTENTS
I. AXILLARY FAT AND
AREOLAR TISSUE
II. AXILLARY ARTERY WITH
ITS BRANCHES
III. AXILLARY VEIN
IV. BRACHIAL PLEXUS
V. LONG THORACIC AND
INTERCOSTAL NERVES
VI. BICEPS BRACHII AND
COROCOBRACHIALIS
VII. AXILLARY LYMPH NODES
CLINICAL IMPORTANTS
THORACIC OUTLET SYNDROME
THE APEX OF THE AXILLA REGION IS AN OPENING BETWEEN THE
CLAVICLE, FIRST RIB AND THE SCAPULA.

IN THIS APEX, THE VESSELS AND NERVES MAY BECOME


COMPRESSED BETWEEN THE BONES –
THIS IS CALLED THORACIC OUTLET SYNDROME.
COMMON CAUSES OF TOS ARE
TRAUMA (E.G FRACTURED CLAVICLE) AND
REPETITIVE STRESS(SEEN COMMONLY IN
OCCUPATIONS THAT REQUIRE LIFTING OF THE
ARMS)

IT OFTEN PRESENTS WITH PAIN IN THE AFFECTED


LIMB, (WHERE THE PAIN DEPENDS ON WHICH
NERVES ARE AFFECTED),
TINGLING, MUSCLE WEAKNESS AND
DISCOLOURATION
Lymph Node Biopsy
Approximately 75% of lymph from the
breast drains into the axillary lymph
nodes, so can be biopsied if breast
cancer is suspected. If breast cancer is
confirmed, the axillary nodes may need
to be removed to prevent the cancer
spreading. This is known as axillary
clearance.
Axillary Artery
• Sixties – Supreme (Highest) thoracic ar.
• Teens – Thoracoacromial ar.
• Love – Lateral Thoracic ar.
• Soup – Subscapular ar.
• And – Anterior circumflex humeral ar.
• Pot – Posterior circumflex humeral ar.
Thoracoacromial Artery
• Cadavers – Clavicular br.
• Are – Acromial br.
• Dead – Deltoid
• People - Pectoral
Subscapular Artery
• Sweet - Scapular circumflex ar.
• Tea - Thoracodorsal ar.
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