Heart Disease:

Are you at
risk??
DR.MIDHUN KUMAR
MBBS MD(MEDICINE) DM(CARDIO) DNB(CARDIO)
SENIOR INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGIST
FRONTIER LIFELINE HOSPITAL
DR MIDHUN HEART AND DIABETES CLINIC
VALASARAVAKKAM .
 Today’s Topics:

• Why we need to know about heart disease

• Heart attack warning signs and survival
• Heart- myths and facts
• Risk factors
• Talking to your doctor
• Taking action to protect your heart health
• Getting on the road to heart health
Heart Disease

• There are many forms of heart disease

• Coronary artery disease, or coronary
heart disease,
is most common
• Valvular heart disease
• Congenital heart diseases
• Cardiomyopathies
• Pulmonary hypertension
• Pericardial diseases.
 •Heart disease kills
Heart disease is the more women than
#1 killer of Men and all forms of cancer
women combined
.
DID YOU
KNOW ?
•Heart disease can •If heart disease is
permanently damage not treated,
your heart—and your serious
life complications can
. develop
 Heart Disease

• Most people do not know that heart disease is their own

greatest health risk
• Heart disease is largely preventable
• You can take action to protect their hearts
• Heart disease is a “now” problem
• “Later” may be too late
 Atherosclerosis

A disease in which plaque

builds up inside your
arteries, limiting the flow of
oxygen-rich blood to your
organs
 Heart Attack

Occurs when blood flow to a section of

heart muscle becomes blocked, most
often, the result of coronary
artery disease
HEART ATTACK
SYMPTOMS :
Ache in the chest/sore jaw

Squeezing in the Fullness in the

chest chest

Pressure in the Pain on the left

chest side of chest
HEART
ATTACK
SYMPTOMS :

Heartburn that
does not improve Shortness of Light-headedness Cold, Unexplained Nausea with or
breath . clammy skin fatigue (can last without vomiting
with antacids . days) .
.
Heart Attack Warning Signs & Symptoms
If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, you
should:
- Call FOR HELP immediately or have someone call for
you
- Do not drive yourself to the hospital
- Keep a list of emergency numbers near the phone
- Sit or lie down in whatever position is comfortable
- If the operator advises, chew and swallow one adult
tablet of Aspirin
 Surviving a Heart Attack

• If you have any heart attack symptoms or think you might be

having a heart attack, call immediately for emergency
medical care
 Minutes Matter!

• Learn the warning signs

• Call immediately—fast action saves lives
• Emergency medical personnel will begin
treatment at once
• Don’t drive yourself to the hospital
• Uncertainty is normal—don’t be embarrassed
by a false alarm
• Plan ahead by making a heart attack plan with
your health care provider
YOUR HEALTHY HEART STATS
HEALTHY
HEART <120/80 <180
A group of conditions affecting the
BP SUGARS
heart that include chest pain, heart
attack, and sudden stopping of the
heart. <100 30 MINS
LDL EXERCIS
E
 Risk Factors You Can Control

• Smoking
• High blood pressure
• High blood cholesterol and high
triglycerides
• Overweight/obesity
• Physical inactivity
• Diabetes and prediabetes
• Metabolic syndrome
• Stress
• Lack of sleep
 Risk Factors You Cannot
Control
• Family history of early heart disease

• Age (55 and older for women)

• Genetic factors

• Pollution

• Other environmental factors

 Other Risk Factors

• Sleep apnea
• Stress or depression
• Too much alcohol
• Birth control pills (particularly for
women who are over age 35 and
smoke)
• Anemia
• Unhealthy diet
 Heart Disease Risk Factors

• The Multiplier Effect

• 1 risk factor doubles your risk
• 2 risk factors quadruple your risk
• 3 or more risk factors can increase your risk
more
than tenfold
• By doing just 4 things –
• eating right,
• being physically active,
• not smoking,
• keeping a healthy weight
• you can lower your risk of heart disease by as
much as 82 percent
Fact or Myth?

If you are under 40, there is no reason to worry about

heart disease.

Myth!
Fact or Myth?

High blood pressure can often be a “silent” disease and

have no signs or symptoms.

Fact!
Fact or Myth?

Even if your cholesterol is high, you can feel “fine”.

Fact!
Fact or Myth?

I should have my cholesterol checked every 5 years after

the age of 40.

Fact!
Fact or Myth?

People of an average weight do not have to worry about

high cholesterol.

Myth!
Fact or Myth?

Since the nutrition label on my favourite food says

there’s no cholesterol, I can be sure it is a “heart-
healthy” choice.

Myth!
Fact or Myth?

I must avoid foods I really like to eat to keep my

cholesterol in range.

Myth!
Fact or Myth?

Heart disease runs in my family, so there is nothing I can

do to prevent it.

Myth!
Fact or Myth?

As long as I take my diabetes medication, diabetes will

not affect my heart.

Myth!
Fact or Myth?

Cardiac arrest and heart attack means the same

Myth!
 Heart Health Basics

Blood Pressure
1) This indicates how much pressure your blood is
pushing against your artery walls when the heart
beats.
2) How much pressure your blood is exerting against
your artery walls while the heart is resting between
beats.
Understanding Blood Pressure
- The amount of pressure
in your arteries during
contraction of heart
muscle.

- The amount of pressure

when heart muscle is
between beats.
Heart Health Basics

Blood Pressure

Low Risk: 120/80

Medium Risk: 121-139/80-89
High Risk: 140+/90
 Heart Health Basics

Cholesterol

A waxy, fat-like substance that’s found in all cells

of the body.
Your doctor can run a lab test that provides a
“total”.
 Heart Health Basics

LDL/HDL
L = lousy/H = healthy

Types of proteins that carry cholesterol in the

body. Having healthy levels of both types of
lipoproteins is important. Too much and too little
respectively can cause a build-up of cholesterol in
 Good News

• Heart disease can be prevented or

controlled
• Prevention includes lifestyle changes
and sometimes medication, if
prescribed by a doctor
 Talk to Your Doctor

• talk to the health care provider about

the risk for heart disease
• Prepare a list of questions before a
visit
• Write down what the health care
provider says
• Tell the health care provider about
lifestyle behaviors,
such as smoking or being physically
inactive
 Key Tests for Heart Disease
Risk
• Blood pressure
• Blood cholesterol (total: HDL, LDL, triglycerides)
• Fasting plasma glucose (diabetes test)
• Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference
• Electrocardiogram
• Stress test
 You Can Lower Heart Disease
Risk
• Begin today—make changes one step at a time
• Don’t smoke—if you are a smoker, ask your health care
provider for help in quitting
• Be physically active—2 hours and 30 minutes of moderate-
intensity aerobic activity each week
• Add strength training—2 to 3 times a week
 Prevention Begins with You

• Take one step at a time

• Replace unhealthy habits with healthier ones
• Eat for a healthy heart
• Start walking—try 10 minutes and add time gradually to reach 2 hours
and 30 minutes each week
You Can Lower Heart Disease Risk

• Follow a healthy eating plan

• Low in saturated fat, trans fat, and
cholesterol and moderate in total fat
• Limit salt and sodium
• Limit alcoholic beverages to no more than
one standard drink a day (2 for men)
• Choose a variety of whole grains, fruits,
and vegetables daily
• Choose fish, poultry, and lean cuts of meat
• Use nonfat or low-fat milk, cheeses, and
yogurt
• Maintain a healthy weight
 You Can Lower Heart Disease
Risk
• Manage diabetes, high blood pressure, and high blood cholesterol
through living a healthy lifestyle
• Take medication, if prescribed
Modifiable Risk Factors

You are in control!

Take 10 minutes to
make some small
changes!
 How to Keep Going

• View changes as a new lifestyle, not

quick fixes
• Set realistic goals
• Buddy up
• Don’t worry about slipping up—get back
on track
• Reward your successes
• Be your own advocate—ask questions
and seek information
It’s up to you to protect your heart health—
start today!
Thank
You