BIODIVERSITY AND
HEALTHY SOCIETY
G R O UP 9
WHAT IS
Biodiversity?
• Encompasses the vast array of life
forms on Earth from single-celled
organism to complex ecosystems.
• It's defined by both structural and
functional.
PLANTS ANIMALS HUMANS
Walter G. Rosen
Is credited with coining
the term “BIODIVERSITY”
in 1985, he introduced
this pivotal concept,
defining it as the variety
of life on Earth and the
natural patterns it forms
Biodiversity Ecosystem
The variety of living things in an
area including plants, animals, Relationship A natural environment that
includes living and non-loving
fungi, and microorganisms • Biodiversity is a measure of things.
ecosystem health
• Ecosystems with higher
biodiversity are more resilient
and can withstand crises like
disease, drought, and climate
change
Module 10
Biodiversity
and
Ecosystem
Prepared by: Daniella
Oplimo -BSED 1A
From the word "bio" means life and "diversity"
means variety.
Biodiversity is a term used to describe the
enormous variety of life on Earth. Biodiversity
refers to every living thing, including plants,
bacteria, animals, and humans.
Recent studies revealed that 8.7 million
species of animals and plants are existing;
3 TYPES OF BIODIVERSITY.
1.Genetic Diversity In Biodiversity.
• Genetic diversity refers to the variety of genes within a species.
• It represents differences in genetic makeup among individuals and
populations of the same species.
• Variation in genes allows species to adapt to changing environments.
EXAMPLES OF GENETIC DIVERSITY
1.Human races 2. Dogs.
EXAMPLES OF GENETIC DIVERSITY.
3. Corn 4. Jelly fish.
Genetic Diversity
The range of genetic
material present in the
population of a single
species.
The Mauritian Pink
Pigeon had a
population of 10 in
1991!
SPECIES DIVERSITY.
● The number and distribution of
different species in a given
area of region.
2 TYPES OF SPECIES
DIVERSITY
• The number of different species in
a given area (Species richness)
• The proportion of the community
that is made up of an individual
species. (Species evenness)
EXAMPLES OF SPECIES RICHNESS AND SPECIES
EVENNESS IN DIVERSITY.
ECOSYSTEM DIVERSITY.
The diversity of
ecosytems habitats, and
ecological processes
that supports life.
Examples of Ecosystem diversity.
Desert-largely, extremely dry area of land with sparse vegetation.
Rainforest an ecosystem characterized by dense community of trees and various
wild life.
Tundra are treeless regions found in arctic and on the tops of mountains, where
the climate is cold, and windy.
Grassland-the vegetation is dominated by tall grasses and herbs.
Coral reef-an underwater ecosystem formed of colonies of coral polyps held
together by calcium carbonate
Mangrove ecosystem - frees and shrubs that live in intertidal zones, found along
tropical and subtropical coastlines.
Examples of Ecosystem diversity.
Taiga (Borsala forest of cold subarstic region, moist region promoting appreciable
vegetation growth but too cold for good and profic tree growth
Prairies plain of grassy tand without many trees
Wetland-areas where water covers the soil, or is present wither or near the surface
of the soil all year of for varying periods of line tuning the year, including during
growing season.
ECOSYSTEM.
An ecosystem is formed by the interactions of all living species with
each other and with the physical and chemical aspects of their
environment, linked by the flow of energy.
It consists of all of the living things in a particular area, as well as
their nonliving surroundings like air, water, and sunlight. Humans rely
on ecosystems for basic needs. An ecosystem is a community of
lifeforms in concurrence with non-living components, interacting with
each other.
Abiotic vs. Biotic Factors
Abiotic factors = non-living components that affect
living organisms
• Ex. Temperature, sunlight rocks
Bio factors all living things or their materials that
directly or indirectly affect organisms in its
environment (includes interactions)
• Ex. Plants, animals, fungi, bacteria
The 2022 Living Planet Report by WWF found an
average 69% decline in global populations of
mammals, fish, birds, reptiles, and amphibians
since 1970. The 2019 landmark Global
Assessment Report by the Intergovernmental
Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
reported that 1 million animal and plant species
are now threatened with extinction - the highest
number in human history.
THE THREE TYPES OF
EXTINCTION IN BIODIVERSITY
AND ECOSYSTEM.
Background Extinction:
This is the natural, ongoing process of species becoming extinct due to environmental changes,
competition, or other factors that make it difficult for them to survive and reproduce.
.
Mass Extinction:
These are periods of exceptionally high extinction rates, often caused by catastrophic events like
asteroid impacts, volcanic eruptions, or rapid climate change.
Holocene extinction is characterized by an accelerated rate of species extinction,
significantly higher than the natural background extinction rate, primarily due to human
activities.
ABSTRACTION.
Biodiversity is the foundation of a healthy and stable ecosystem. the different types of
species in an ecosystem (species diversity), the variation of genes within each species
(genetic diversity), and the different types of habitats (ecosystem diversity) work together to
create a balanced system. biodiversity is the key to the health and stability of ecosystems.
Protecting biodiversity is essential for the well-being of humans and all living things on Earth.
THANK YOU!!
LESSON 2:
CHANGES IN
BIODIVERSITY
Start Now
• Alteration in any system could bring varied
effects.
• A change in biodiversity could have erratic
effects not only in wildlife or marine life but
also in human beings for example, humans
in habituating the forest would disturb the
natural order of life.
• Trees and plants would be affected by the
land-clearing operations where the houses
would be built.
• The animals, insects, and all types of life
forms in the cleared area would either be
displaced or most likely be killed.
• The loss of these life forms could affect the
entire ecosystem governing that
environment.
THREATS TO
BIODIVERSITY
There are major threats to biodiversity that were identified by the United
Nations Environment Programme (WHO, n.d.) these are the following:
1. HABITAT LOSS AND
DESTRUCTION
• Major contributing factor is the
inhabitation of human beings and the
use of land for economic gains.
• Habitat destruction occurs when a
natural habitat is no longer able to
support its native species. The
organisms once living there have
either moved elsewhere, or are dead,
THREATS TO
BIODIVERSITY
There are major threats to biodiversity that were identified by the United
Nations Environment Programme (WHO, n.d.) these are the following:
2. ALTERATIONS IN
ECOSYSTEM COMPOSITION
• Alterations and sudden changes,
either within species groups or within
the environment, could being to
change entire ecosystems.
• changes in the types and amounts of
species in an ecosystem.
• Alterations in ecosystems are a critical
factor contributing to species and
habitat loss.
THREATS TO
BIODIVERSITY
There are major threats to biodiversity that were identified by the United
Nations Environment Programme (WHO, n.d.) these are the following:
3. OVER-EXPLOITATION
• Over-hunting, overfishing, or over-
collecting of species can quickly lead
to its decline, changing consumption
patterns of humans is often cited as
key reason for this unsustainable
exploitation of natural resources.
THREATS TO
BIODIVERSITY
There are major threats to biodiversity that were identified by the United
Nations Environment Programme (WHO, n.d.) these are the following:
4. POLLUTION AND
CONTAMINATION
• Biological systems respond slowly to
changes in their surrounding
environment. Pollution and
contamination cause irreversible
damage to species and varieties.
THREATS TO
BIODIVERSITY
There are major threats to biodiversity that were identified by the United
Nations Environment Programme (WHO, n.d.) these are the following:
5. GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
• Both climate variability and climate
change cause biodiversity loss.
Species and populations may be
lost permanently if they are not
provided with enough time to adapt
to changing climatic conditions.
• Climate change refers to long-term
shifts in temperatures and weather
patterns.
CONSEQ
UENCES
OF
BIODIVE
RSITY
THE BASIC CONCEPT
ABOUT BIODIVERSITY
LOSS WAS FROM
CHARLES
• Alfred WallaceDARWIN
co-discovered theAND
theory of
ALFRED RUSSEL
evolution with Charles Darwin, believed
WALLACE.
that evolution was driver by natural
selection.
• Natural Selection states that organisms
with traits best adapted to their
environment will survive long enough for
those traits to be passed on their
offspring.
• Intact ecosystems function best since the
organisms composing them are specialized
to function in that ecosystem to capture,
transfer, utilize and, ultimately lose both
energy and nutrients.
• The particular species making up an
ecosystem determine its productivity, affect
nutrient cycles and soil content, and
influence environmental conditions such as
water cycles, weather patterns, climate, and
other non-biotic aspects.
• The loss of biodiversity has many
consequences that we understand, and
many that we do not. It is apparent that
humankind is willing to sustain a great deal
of biodiversity loss if there are concomitant
benefits to society, we hope they are net
benefits.
As stated by Tilman, "The Earth will
retain its most striking feature, its
biodiversity, only if humans have
the prescience to do so. This will
occur, it seems, only if we realize
the extent to which we use
biodiversity (Rainforest
Conservation Fund, 2017)."
THANK
YOU
NAME
FEW
THINGS
YOU
LESSON
3
PRESENTED BY ALGER E.
BIODIVERS
ITY
According to the World
Health Organization,
biodiversity is a vital
element of a human
being's nutrition because of
its influence to food
production.
BIODIVERS
ITY
the variety of life Earth
on encompassing ,
all
organisms, ecosystems, livin
and
the ecological g
processes
that sustain them.
NUTRITION AND
BIODIVERSITY ARE
LINKED AT MANY
LEVELS:
(1)the ecosystem, with
food production as an
ecosystem service,
(2)the species in the
ecosystem;
and (3) the genetic
diversity within species.
Biodiversity
underpins nature's
contributions to
people and provides
ecosystem goods
and services that
are essential to
human health and
WE DEPEND
ON OUR
ENVIROMEN
T
WHAT ARE
THE
RISKS/DANGE
RS?
Environmental hazards increase the
risk
heart of asthma,
disease, cancer,
and many other
illnesses. These hazards can be physical, such as
pollution, toxic chemicals, and food
contaminants, or they can be social, such
as dangerous work, poor housing
conditions, urban sprawl, and poverty.
ENVIRONMEN
TAL
HAZARDS
UNSAFE
Unsafe
DRINKING
drinking water
WATER AND and
sanitatio poor
SANITATION n
hygiene can
and
lead to
infectious
diseases, such
as diarrhea,
cholera.
NATURE GETS
SICK
TOO.
ENVIRONMENT-
RELATED
ILLNESSES
HABITAT
DESTRUCTION
ENVIRONMENT-
RELATED
ILLNESSES
POLLUTIO
N
ENVIRONMENT-
RELATED
ILLNESSES
CLIMATE CHANGE
ENVIRONMENT-
RELATED
ILLNESSES
INVASIVE
SPECIES
THANK
YOU!
