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LARYNGOMALACIA

Laryngomalacia is a congenital condition characterized by softening of laryngeal cartilage, leading to airway obstruction and is the most common laryngeal anomaly in infants. Symptoms include inspiratory stridor, feeding difficulties, and potential cyanosis, with diagnosis confirmed through clinical findings and flexible laryngoscopy. Management can be conservative, medical, or surgical, depending on severity, with many cases resolving by age two.

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80 views11 pages

LARYNGOMALACIA

Laryngomalacia is a congenital condition characterized by softening of laryngeal cartilage, leading to airway obstruction and is the most common laryngeal anomaly in infants. Symptoms include inspiratory stridor, feeding difficulties, and potential cyanosis, with diagnosis confirmed through clinical findings and flexible laryngoscopy. Management can be conservative, medical, or surgical, depending on severity, with many cases resolving by age two.

Uploaded by

Kandy Emmy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

LARYNGOMALACIA

BY KIMARIO
Introduction
• Laryngomalacia is a congenital condition characterized by softening or floppines of
laryngeal cartilage leading to partial airway obstruction.
• It is also referred to as Congenital laryngeal stridor.
• It is the most common congenital abnormality of the larynx and accounts for 45-
75% of congenital laryngeal anomalies in infants with stridor.
• Incidence of 1 in 2100 births
• Peak age of 2 -6 months
• It is slightly more common in males.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF
LARYNGOMALACIA

There's abnormal flaccidity of the supraglottic structures which causes


collapse of the arytenoid cartilages and epiglottis into the airway during
inspiration leading to narrowing of the upper airway hence a stridor in
inspiration.
Clinical presentation
Inspiratory stridor which is worsened by crying, upper respiratory tract
infections and lying in supine position. The stridor subsides when the
child is put in prone position.
Symptoms usually appear in the first 2 weeks and increase in severity
up to 6months, although gradual improvement can begin at any time.
Other symptoms may include feeding difficulties, poor weight gain,
apnea and cyanosis if severe, cough.
Diagnosis
• It is made by history and clinical findings of a child who is well but
with an inspiratory stridor.
• The diagnosis is confirmed by flexible laryngoscopy which shows;
a) The epiglottis curled up on itself i.e omega shaped (Ω)
b) Floppy and
Differential diagnosis
• Subglottic stenosis
• Foreign body aspiration
• Laryngitis
• Vocal cord paralysis
• Epiglottitis
• Croup (laryngotrachealbronchitis)
Management of laryngomalacia
1) Conservative: the condition tends to resolve on its own by the age
of 2years. Make the child sleep in prone instead of supine position
and closely observe for upper respiratory tract infections.
2) Medical management:
Anti-reflux medications e.g proton pump inhibitors or H2Receptor
antagonists may be given to manage laryngopharyngeal reflux.
3) Surgical management:
Supraglottoplasty is done in severe cases i.e when there’s respiratory
distress, cyanosis, failure to thrive
References
• Nelson textbook of pediatrics 21st edition ,chapter 413.1
• Hutchison’s pediatrics 2nd edition pg 102

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