Gears and Gear Kinematics Introduction
Dr. Khyati Verma
Faculty
M411, 4th Floor,
Department of Mechanical Engineering
How motion is transferred from
one shaft to another
Cont…..
What is Gear
Machine element
Transmit rotary motion/ power between two shaft
Constant angular velocity ratio
Toothed wheel
Classification of Gears
Position of the axis of the shaft
Parallel
Spur
Helical Gear
Rack and pinion
Intersecting
Bevel gear
Non intersecting and Non parallel
Worm and worm gear
Spur Gear
Teeth are parallel to the axis of rotation
Transmits rotation/torque between parallel shafts
Used in electric screw driver, oscillating sprinkler, washing
machine and clothes dryer.
Spur gear
Advantages
Limitations
Offer constant velocity
ratio. Slow speed gear
Highly reliable. Gear teeth experience
Simple to design and large amount of stress.
manufacture. Produce excessive
Teeth are parallel to the noise when operating at
axis the shaft so not high speed.
subjected to axial thrust.
Helical gear
Teeth are inclined with respect to the
axis of rotation and shape of helix
Transmits rotation/torque between
parallel shafts.
In the beginning, contact occurs at
the point of leading edge of the
curved teeth. As rotation continues it
extend along the diagonal line across
the teeth.
Also used to transmit rotation
between perpendicular shafts
Helical gear
Advantages
Limitations
Gradual engagement or
disengagement makes its End thrust will be there due
running more smoothly and to force component along the
quietly. gear axis.
Low impact stresses, less wear Cause losses due to the
and reduction in noise. geometry along the axis of
Durable and ideal for high shaft.
load applications Axial thrust produce
Transmit motion and power excessive heat
between parallel and right
angle shaft as well.
Herringbone gear
To avoid axial thrust , two
helical gears of opposite
hand can be mounted side
by side to cancel resulting
thrust.
These gears are mostly
used on heavy machinery
Rack and pinion
Rack is special case of spur gear
having infinite diameter.
Convert rotatory motion to
translatory motion and vice versa
It is used in lathe machine in
which the rack transmit linear
motion to the saddle.
Rack and pinion
Advantages
Limitations
Cheap
Due to friction, it is under a
Easiest way to convert constant wear, possibly
rotation motion into linear needing replacement after a
motion certain time.
It gives easier and more Due to friction, high force
compact control over the will be required to operate
vehicle
Bevel Gears
Bevel gears are useful when the
direction of a shaft’s rotation
need to be changed.
They are usually mounted on the
shafts that are 90 degree apart,
but cam be designed to work at
other angles as well
The teeth on bevel gears can be
straight, spiral or hypoid.
Worm and worm gear
Worm gears are used when large gear
reductions are needed.
The worm can easily turn the gear but the
gear cannot turn the worm.
It is widely used in material handling and
transportation machinery, machine tools
and automobile.
