Chapter 6
Internet
Lesson Objectives
• To understand Internet and the Computer network
• To classify between LAN and WAN
• To Understand Servers and Clients
• To understand about servers and Clients
• To able to Understand the Web Browsers and URL
• To Choice internet service provider
• T o understand Routers and Network cards
• To understand network security terms
What is the Internet?
• The internet is the largest computer network in the world,
connecting millions of computers.
• A network is a group of two or more computer systems
linked together.
• There are two main types of computer networks:
1. Local Area Network (LAN): A LAN is two or more
connected computers sharing certain resources in a relatively
small geographic location, often in the same building.
Examples include home networks
and office networks.
2. Wide Area Network
Servers and Clients
Aspect Server Client
Definition A server is a computer A client is a computer or
or system that provides software that requests
resources, services, or resources or services
data to other computers from a server.
(clients) over a network.
Role Provides and manages Requests and uses
services or resources. services or resources
from the server.
Initiates? Waits for requests from Initiates communication
clients. with the server.
Examples Web server, email Web browser, email
server, database server. client, database
application.
Using the Internet to Communicate
peer-to-peer (P2P)
• In peer-to-peer (P2P)
networking, a group of
computers are linked
together with equal
permissions and
responsibilities for
processing data.
• In peer-to-peer (P2P)
networks, each
computer acts as both
a server and a client.
Examples of P2P
software include Skype
and Bit Torrent.
The World Wide Web (WWW)
The World Wide Web -- also known as the web, WWW or
W3 -- refers to all the public websites or pages that users
can access on their local computers and other devices
through the internet
HTML (Hypertext Markup language)
The backbone of the World Wide Web is made of HTML
files, which are specially formatted documents that can
contain links, as well as images and other media.
Cont….
All web browsers can read HTML files. In addition to HTML, it's also very common for websites to
use technologies like CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) and JavaScript to do more advanced things.
URL
• To get to a web page, type the URL (Uniform Resource Locator) in a browser. The
URL, also known as the web address, tells the browser exactly where to find the page.
However, most of the time, people get to a web page by following a link from a different
page or by searching for the page with a search engine.
An example of a URL
• The World Wide Web was created in The World Wide Web was created in 1989 by Tim
Berners-Lee, a software engineer.
• Before then, computers could communicate over the internet, but there were no web
pages.
Using the Internet to Communicate
• The internet isn't just about finding information. It's also
about connecting with friends, family, and people you've
never met before. Today, there are many different ways
to communicate online, including social networking,
chat, VoIP, and blogging.
Social Networking
• Social networking has become one of the main ways
people keep in touch.
• Here are a few of the most popular social networking
sites:
Facebook is used by about 3 billion plus people.
If you have family or friends that live far away, you can use
Facebook to keep up with their lives.
You can also share things you’ve found online that interest you.
Twitter lets you share brief messages (or "tweets") with the
entire world or just your circle of friends.
• By following people with similar interests, you can discover new
things that you wouldn't have found otherwise.
LinkedIn is a site that you can use to network with others.
• It allows you to connect with other people in your field and find
out about new job opportunities.
Chat and Instant Messaging
• Chat and instant messaging
programs allow you to have
conversations with your
friends or just write them a
quick note.
• Two examples are WhatsApp,
Facebook Messenger
and others.
• Some sites, such as Gmail
and Facebook, allow you to
chat within your browser.
VoIP
• VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol), allows you to have
telephone service through your internet connection.
• Some services also let you do video conferencing, such as
Skype and Facebook Video Calling. Many of these
services are free or very inexpensive, and some people use
them as a replacement for a landline, or just to save
minutes on their mobile phones.
Blogs
• Web blogs, commonly known as blogs, are regularly
updated websites or web pages, typically run by an
individual or small group, that are written in an informal or
conversational style.
• Today, the average user has the ability to shape the web by
adding to it.
• There are many sites like [Link] and [Link]
that let you create a blog for free. You don't need any web
design experience—most of the technical stuff has already
been created for you, and you can choose a predesigned
template that has the look and feel that you want.
Streaming Media
• What is streaming? Streaming refers to any media content
– live or recorded – delivered to computers and mobile
devices via the internet and played back in real time
• TV and radio on the internet are examples of streaming
media, which means the media downloads while it's
playing so you don't have to wait for it to download first.
Connecting to the Internet
Which Service is Best for Me?
• It all depends on where you live and how much speed you
need. Internet Service Providers usually offer different levels
of speed based on your needs. If you're mainly using the internet
for e-mail and social networking, a slower connection might
be all you need, but if you want to download a lot of music or
watch streaming movies, you'll want a faster connection. You'll
need to do some research to find out what the options are in
your area.
Choosing an Internet Service Provider
Talk to friends, family members, and neighbors to see
what ISP they use.
Below are some things to consider as you research
ISPs:
Speed
Price
Ease of Installation
Service Record
Technical Support
Contract Terms
Although dial-up has traditionally been The cheapest
option,
Hardware Needed: Modem
• Once you have your computer, you really don't need
much additional hardware to connect to the
Internet. The primary piece of hardware you need is
a modem.
• Once you have your computer, you really don't need much
additional hardware to connect to the Internet. The primary
piece of hardware you need is a modem.
• The type of Internet access you choose will determine the type of
modem you need. Dial-up access uses a telephone
modem, DSL service uses a DSL modem, cable access uses
a cable modem, and satellite service uses a satellite adapter.
Your ISP may give you a modem—often for a fee—when you sign
a contract, which helps ensure that you have the right type of
modem. However, if you would prefer to shop for a better or less
expensive modem, you can choose to buy one separately.
Router and network cards
• A router is a hardware device that allows you to connect several
computers and other devices to a single internet connection,
which is known as a home network. Many routers are wireless,
allowing you to easily create a wireless network.
• Most routers also act as a hardware firewall, which helps
prevent people from gaining access to your computer through the
internet.
• A network card is a piece of hardware that allows computers to
communicate over a computer network. Most newer computers
have a
network card built into the motherboard, so it probably is not
something you will need to purchase. The network card will either
have an Ethernet port, a wireless connection, or both.
Web Browsers
• A web browser is the tool that you use to access the
World Wide Web. The browser's main job is to
display web pages. It also lets you create Bookmarks
(sometimes called Favorites) for sites you like,
so that you can easily find them again later.
• The World Wide Web is a virtual network of web
sites connected by hyperlinks (or "links"). Web sites
are stored on servers on the internet, so the World
Wide Web is a part of the internet.
• Your computer probably came with a browser preinstalled.
• PCs come with Internet Explorer, and Macs
come with Safari. If you prefer to use a different
browser, you can download Firefox, Google Chrome,
or Opera. All of these browsers are free.
Wireless Security
• A home network can be wired (using Ethernet cables) or
wireless (using Wi-Fi). It may also be a mixture of the two.
• Wireless is generally more convenient; however, you'll need
to think about wireless security.
• SSID: A service set identifier, commonly called the SSID,
• is the name of a wireless network.
• Encryption password: An encryption password is a series
of characters that is used to control access to the network.
• Encryption: Encryption prevents unauthorized people from
reading the data that is transmitted over your wireless
network.
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