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Dbms Lab

The document provides an overview of key concepts related to Database Management Systems (DBMS), including definitions of data, databases, and schemas. It explains important components such as primary keys, foreign keys, and constraints, along with their roles in maintaining data integrity and relationships within a database. Additionally, it introduces visual tools like ER diagrams and schema diagrams to represent data structures and relationships.

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87 views6 pages

Dbms Lab

The document provides an overview of key concepts related to Database Management Systems (DBMS), including definitions of data, databases, and schemas. It explains important components such as primary keys, foreign keys, and constraints, along with their roles in maintaining data integrity and relationships within a database. Additionally, it introduces visual tools like ER diagrams and schema diagrams to represent data structures and relationships.

Uploaded by

shwetha.csefac
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

DBMS LAB

• Data: Known facts that can be recorded and have an implicit meaning.

• Database: A collection of related data.

• Database Management System (DBMS): A software package / system


to facilitate the creation and maintenance of a computerized
database.

• Database System: The DBMS software together with the data


• Schema: the logical and visual configuration of the entire relational database

• Schema diagram: a visual representation of structured data, illustrating how each


element interacts and relates with others

• Entity: real-world object, concept, or person about which data can be stored
• Attributes - characteristics that define entities within a database
• Relationship: logical association between two or more database tables

• ER diagram: visualizes the relationships between entities like people, things, or


concepts in a database.
• Primary key: The primary key is a unique identifier within its table. uniquely
identifying each record or row within a table.

• Foreign key: a foreign key is a reference in one table to a primary key in


another. used to establish and navigate relationships between tables.

• Constraints: help enforce rules at the database level, preventing the entry of
invalid data and ensuring data accuracy and reliability.

• The six main constraints in SQL are NOT NULL , UNIQUE , PRIMARY KEY ,
FOREIGN KEY , CHECK and DEFAULT
• NOT NULL: This constraint ensures that a column cannot have a NULL value. It
guarantees that every record in the table must have a value for this column.
• UNIQUE: The UNIQUE constraint ensures that all values in a column are
distinct—no duplicates are allowed.
• PRIMARY KEY: A PRIMARY KEY is a combination of NOT NULL and UNIQUE. It
uniquely identifies each record in a table. There can only be one PRIMARY KEY
in a table.
• FOREIGN KEY: A FOREIGN KEY is used to maintain referential integrity
between two tables. It links a column in one table to the PRIMARY KEY of
another table, ensuring that the values in the foreign key column match valid
values in the referenced table.
• CHECK: The CHECK constraint ensures that all values in a column
satisfy a specific condition. For example, you could use CHECK to
ensure that the "Age" column in a table only contains values greater
than or equal to 18.
• DEFAULT: This constraint provides a default value for a column when
no value is specified during the insertion of a record.

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