INSTRUMENTS

SPONGE – HOLDING FORCEPS

• Long forceps with ring- like ends .
• Have serrations for a better grip
• Handles are provided with a rachet for locking .

• USES:-

 Cleaning the abdomen and vagina with a gauze

soaked in antiseptic solution .
 Along with gauze , can be used for pushing the bladder down
in abdominal hysterectomy or cesearean section .
 Walking the cervix – ensures no cervical tear by going around the cervix after
forceps delivery .
 Cervical cerclage procedure
OVUM FORCEPS
• Two fenestrated or non-fenestrated blunt ends which
• come close together .
• No locking mechanism
• USES:-
 To remove products of conception following
 first trimester abortion (induced or spontaneous )
 To remove adherent placental bits or POC
PINARD’S FETOSCOPE
• To listen to fetal heart rate.
• BROAD END- placed over mother’s abdomen
• NARROW END -placed near to listeners ear
• Should not hold it by hand as this may muffle
• the heart sounds.
STRAIGHT SCISSORS
• Blades are straight and tips are sharp

• Uses:-
• Cutting the suture material
• Make episiotomy and cutting umbilical cord
CURVED SCISSORS
• Has a curve which should always face upwards so that the surgeon
has a clear view of the structure being cut,
• USES:-
• used for cutting tissues including uterus, during cesarean
section .
EPISIOTOMY SCISSORS
• Have an angled blade and the end of the lower blade is blunt .

• USES:-
• used for episiotomy , angling makes it convenient for entering
the vagina while performing an episiotomy .
SILASTIC CUPS FOR VACUUM
EXTRACTION
• Flexible , hence less Traumatic
• Available in different sizes , the most common ones being the 50 mm
and 60 mm sizes .
• Have replaced the earlier metallic Malmstrom’s cups for vacuum
extraction.
• CHIGNON formed is bigger and chances of slipping are less .
• Cup is fixed either to a vacuum bottle which is connected to a hand
held vacuum pump or a mechanical pump.
MUCUS SUCKER - BULB
• The bulb is pressed down and the nozzle is gently lead into the throat
of the newborn , and the pressure on the bulb released , this sucks out
the mucus.
DE LEE’S MUCUS SUCKER
• Disposable single - use mucus suckers
• Two tubes attached to a plastic trap .
• One tube is introduced into the baby’s mouth or nostrils and the
• other tube is used for sucking out the secretions.
CORD CLAMP
• Have two serrated arms which fit into one another with a lock .
• Clamps are left in situ till the cord falls off.
• Risk of clamp slipping when cord is thick or more gelatinous .
SIMS DOUBLE BLADED SPECULUM
• Double bladed speculum with a groove in the handle.
Groove Allows drainage of blood, urine in VVF and collect
samples For tests .
• USES :-
• To visualize the vagina and cervix following
instrumental
vaginal delivery .
• To rule out any vaginal or cervical tears when traumatic
postpartum hemorhage is suspected .
• evacuation of uterus in missed abortion or inevitable
abortion and also in medical termination of pregnancy .
CUSCO’S BIVALVE SPECULUM
• Self - retaining speculum .
• TWO CONCAVE BLADES joined by screws
• To Open or close .handles are designed to open or close
• With a separate rod and screw system .
• no need of assistant

• USES:-
• 1)To visualize the cervix and vaginal fornices for
• local causes of APH (polyp ,ectopy ) etc.
• 2)inspection of cervix
• 3)to detect leakage of liquor from cervical os
• in suspected PROM .
• 4) in evacuation of products of conception as in abortion .
• 5) helps in doing antenatal pap smear
HEGAR ‘S DILATOR
• Has a round body with tapering ends .
• Each end is of two different sizes .

• USES:-
Dilating the cervix prior to first trimester evacuation of the uterus
• In evacuation of vesicular mole.
• To diagnose incompetent cervical os.
TOOTHED FORCEPS
• The tip of the instrument has a single tooth –like projection which fits into the
corresponding hollow on the opposite end .

• USES:-
• For holding the skin during the episiotomy suture or for skin suture following
cesarean section.
ALLIS TISSUE FORCEPS
• End of the blade has three to four teeth –like projections .
• A Lock Is provided in the handle .
• USES :-
1)Catch hold of rectus sheath
2)Catch hold the margins and angles of uterine flaps
in cesarean section .
3)Catch hold anterior lip of cervix in D+E operation
4)Catch hold apex of episiotomy wound during repair.
5)Catch hold of torn ends of sphincter ani externus in CPT REPAIR
BABCOCK’S FORCEPS
• USES:-
• In female sterilisation to hold the fallopian tube .
• To hold the vas in vasectomy
• To hold the appendix
• To hold any tissue with minimal trauma.
VULSELLUM FORCEPS
• Long instrument with minimal curvature of the blades .
• The tips of the blade has three teeth –like projections which fit
• into the hollow in between two teeth- like projections on the other blade.
• This gives a good grip on the structure held by the forceps.
• USES:-
• Holding the lip of cervix in
• 1) D +E operation .
• 2)Suction - evacuation
CURVED ARTERY FORCEPS
• Hemostatic forceps to grasp vessels and allow ligation of those vessels .
• Vary in size for use on a range of vessels ,from fine ,delicate vessels
to large vascular pedicles .

USES:
Grasp tissues , sutures and other prosthetic materials
UTERINE SOUND
• Has HANDLE with a long portion which is graduated
• in inches or centimeters to measure the length of cervix.

• USES:-
• 1)position of uterus and length of uterine cavity prior
• To dilatation of cervix in D+E
• 2)direction of the uterus – anteversion or retroversion.
• 3) to detect foreign body .(IUCD)
CURETTE
• Has a central shaft with a loop at each end .The loop could be either
Blunt or sharp .

USES:-
 To check curettage following evacuation of uterus
 after evacuation of vesicular mole.
 to remove any retained placental bits in postpartum hemorrhage
 to confirm the completeness of the procedure of the termination of pregnancy .
LONG STRAIGHT HEMOSTATIC FORCEPS

• USES :-
• To clamp the pedicle while removing the uterus as in
• Rupture uterus .
• to clamp umbilical cord
KOCHER’S HEMOSTATIC FORCEPS

• Has tooth at the end of one blade and a groove on the other
• so as to have a firm grip. The handles have the catch .
• USES:-
• 1)To clamp the umbilical cord for better grip and effective crushing
effect to occlude the vessels.
• 2)In low rupture of membranes as surgical induction of labour or
augmentation of labour
• 3) can be used as a hemostatic and pedicle clamp during
hysterectomy.
KELLY’S LONG FORCEPS
• Long metallic instrument. Has a smooth curve close to the blades.
Handle has no catch. Blades are fenestrated with transverse serrations
on its inner surface.
• USES:-
• 1)Postplacental insertion of ppiucd in the puerpal uterus
• 2)as an alternative to ovum forceps for removal of retained
placental bits and membranes.
•
GREEN ARMYTAGE
HEMOSTATIC FORCEPS
• Long metallic instrument .Handle has a rachet and catch system .
• The other end is broad and has transverse serrations .This end is for
holding tissues.
• USES:-
• 1)lower segment LSCS ,functions to hold hemostasisand catch
hold of the margins .
 FOLEY’S CATHETER
• Made of silicon rubber .
• Catheter tip has two slit openings ,one on either side for drainage of urine .other end to the
urinary bag to collect [Link] catheter has two channels within .one for urine drainage and
other for pushing water that inflates the catheter bulb .
• Different sizes – 14F,16F,18F
• USES:-
• continuos drainage of bladder in cases of eclampsia , retroverted gravid uterus
• Rest to bladder in opearative cases and
• with suspected bladder injury
• Atonic PPH ( TAMPONADE EFFECT )
OUTLET FORCEPS
• a/k/a LOW FORCEPS / SHORT FORCEPS
• Have TWO BLADES which can be articulated and fixed by an English
lock .blades are fenestrated . Have CEPHALIC and PELVIC curves .
• USES:-
• prevent mother from straining during labour , in cases of maternal
exhaustion ,heart disease ,anemia in pregnancy ,vaginal birth after
cesarean section ( VBAC) .
• Only permissible movement using these is EXTENSION of head.
DOYEN’S RETRACTOR
• Long metallic instrument with a stout handle at one end .
• Other end has a wide retracting blade .

• USES:-
• To retract the abdominal wall as well as the bladder for exposure of lower uterine
segment.
Ayre’s spatula, endocervical
brush
MYOMA SCREW
ENDOMETRIAL PIPPELE
PUNCH BIOPSY FORCEPS