Understanding the C++
explicit Keyword
The explicit keyword in C++ is a powerful tool that prevents implicit type
conversions, ensuring safer and clearer code. Introduced to reduce
unwanted type coercion, it primarily applies to constructors and, since C+
+11, to conversion operators as well. Using explicit helps avoid unexpected
behaviors caused by the compiler guessing conversions for you.
This presentation will dive into the use cases, syntax, and advanced features
of the explicit keyword, helping C++ developers write more reliable and
maintainable code.
by Tharmarajah Ajantharajah
Basics of explicit with
Constructors
What explicit Does Example
Prevents the compiler from The constructor explicit
performing implicit conversion MyClass(int var) forbids implicit
calls to constructors. conversion from int to MyClass.
Benefit
Avoids unintended calls like MyClass obj = 20; which could introduce
bugs.
Explicit and Conversion Operators (C++11)
Conversion Operators Usage Impact
Introduced in C++11, explicit can be applied to conversion You can use the object in an if-condition, but assignments like
operators to control implicit conversions. bool x = obj; require an explicit cast.
Example: explicit operator bool() const ensures no implicit bool This prevents silent or accidental conversions that could cause
conversion except in explicit contexts like conditionals. logical errors.
Conditional explicit with C++20
Conditional Explicitness Practical Example Advantages
C++20 allows specifying explicit Constructors can be explicit or This feature is valuable for generic
conditionally using a constexpr implicit based on template logic programming, enabling fine-tuned
boolean expression. or type traits. control over conversions.
Explicit vs. Implicit Construction
Implicit Construction Explicit Construction
• Allows automatic conversion from parameter type. • Prevents automatic conversion.
Example: MyClass obj = 20; calls constructor implicitly. Requires direct initialization: MyClass obj(20);
• Can introduce subtle bugs if type conversions are • Improves code clarity and safety.
unintended.
List Initialization and
Narrowing Conversions
1 List Initialization 2 Narrowing
Conversion
Uses curly braces { } to
Prevention
initialize objects safely.
List initialization forbids
narrowing conversions, such
as converting float to int
without explicit cast.
3 Effect with explicit
Explicit constructors help prevent invalid or misleading implicit
conversions during list initialization.
Best Practices for Using explicit
Always mark single-argument constructors explicit
This prevents unintended implicit conversions that can cause errors.
Apply explicit to conversion operators
Since C++11, use explicit where conversions should not happen silently.
Leverage conditional explicit
Use C++20 features for template and generic code to finely control constructor
behavior.
Use list initialization
Combine with explicit to avoid narrowing and enforce type safety.
Summary and Next Steps
Keep Learning
Explore Advanced
Study compiler diagnostics and
Apply in Your Code Features
best practices to write clearer,
Understand explicit
Use explicit to prevent bugs by Experiment with conditional safer C++ code.
Grasp how the keyword controls avoiding implicit type explicitness (C++20) in templates
implicit conversions in C++ conversions. to gain more control.
constructors and operators.
