Dr. Atul Patel Asst.
Prof of Mathematics
Dr. Atul Patel Asst. Prof of Mathematics
Volumes by Slicing and Rotation About an Axis
Dr. Atul Patel Asst. Prof of Mathematics
EXAMPLE 1 Volume of a Pyramid:
A pyramid 3 m high has a square base that is 3 m on a
side. The cross-section of the pyramid perpendicular
to the altitude x m down from the vertex is a square x
m on a side. Find the volume of the pyramid.
Solution:
1. A sketch. We draw the pyramid with its altitude along the
x-axis and its vertex at the origin and include a typical cross-
section (Figure ).
2. A formula for A(x). The cross-section at x is a square x
meters on a side, so its area is
3. The limits of integration. The squares lie on the planes from x=0 to x=3
4. Integrate to find the volume
Dr. Atul Patel Asst. Prof of Mathematics
EXAMPLE 3 : Volume of a Wedge
A curved wedge is cut from a cylinder of radius
3 by two planes. One plane is perpendicular to
the axis of the cylinder. The second plane
crosses the first plane at a 45° angle at the
center of the cylinder. Find the volume of the
wedge.
Solution: We draw the wedge and sketch a
typical cross-section perpendicular to the x-axis
(Figure). The cross-section at x is a rectangle of
area
The rectangles run from x=0 to x=3
Dr. Atul Patel Asst. Prof of Mathematics
Solids of Revolution: The Disk Method
The solid generated by rotating a plane region
about an axis in its plane is called a solid of
revolution. To find the volume of a solid like
the one shown in Figure 6.8, we need only
observe that the cross-sectional area A(x) is
the area of a disk of radius R(x), the distance
of the planar region’s boundary from the axis
of revolution. The area is then
So the definition of volume gives
EXAMPLE : Volume of a Sphere
The circle
is rotated about the x-axis to generate a
sphere. Find its volume
Solution We imagine the sphere cut into thin
slices by planes perpendicular to the x-axis
(Figure 6.9). The cross-sectional area at a
typical point x between x=a to x=-a
EXAMPLE 8 Rotation About a Vertical Axis
Find the volume of the solid generated by
revolving the region between the parabola
X= y2 +1 and the line x=3 about line x=3
Solution We draw figures showing the region, a typical
radius, and the generated solid (Figure) .Note that the
cross-sections are perpendicular to the line
Dr. Atul Patel Asst. Prof of Mathematics
Solids of Revolution: The Washer Method
If the region we revolve to generate a solid
does not border on or cross the axis of
revolution, the solid has a hole in it (Figure ).
The cross-sections perpendicular to the axis of
revolution are washers (the purplish circular
surface in Figure 6.13) instead of disks. The
dimensions of a typical washer are
The washer’s area is
Dr. Atul Patel Asst. Prof of Mathematics
EXAMPLE: A Washer Cross-Section (Rotation
About the y-Axis) The region bounded by the
parabola y = x2 and the line y = 2xin the first
quadrant is revolved about the y-axis to
generate a solid. Find the volume of the solid.
Solution :First we sketch the region and draw a
line segment across it perpendicular to the axis
of revolution (the y-axis). The radii of the
washer swept out by the line segment are
Volumes by Cylindrical Shells
Volumes by Cylindrical Shells
