PRESENTATION ON CHICKENPOX
BY
AMPONSAA FREDERICA
FORMS OF VARICELLA
• Congenital varicella syndrome
• Congenital varicella syndrome occurs in 2% of
children born to women who develop varicella
during the first or second trimester of pregnancy.
• Infantile zoster
• Infantile zoster is caused by maternal varicella
infection after 20 weeks’ gestation. It usually
manifests within the first year of life and
commonly involves the thoracic dermatomes.
PICTURES ON CHICKEN POX
DEFINITION
• Chickenpox (varicella) is a viral infection that
causes an itchy rash with small, fluid-filled
blisters.
or
• is highly contagious disease caused by herpes
virus varicella, characterized by vesicular
eruptions on the skin and mucous membranes
usually with mild constitutional manifestations.
CON’T
• Neonatal varicella
• If the mother develops varicella within 5 days before or 2 days
after delivery, the baby is exposed to the secondary viremia of
the mother.
• CAUSETIVE ORGANISM :
• Varicella zoster virus
• Incidence:
• Most frequent in childhood but it may occur at any age, including
the neonatal period with peak age between 5 and 9 years old.
SIGNS AND SYMPTONS
CON’T
• Chickenpox infection appears 10 to 21 days after exposure to
the virus and usually lasts about five to 10 days. The rash is the
telltale indication of chickenpox. Other signs and symptoms,
which may appear one to two days before the rash, include:
• Fever
• Loss of appetite
• Headache
• Tiredness and a general feeling of being unwell (malaise)
CON’T
• Once the chickenpox rash appears, it goes through three
phases:
• Raised pink or red bumps (papules), which break out over
several days
• Small fluid-filled blisters (vesicles), forming from the raised
bumps over about one day before breaking and leaking
• Crusts and scabs, which cover the broken blisters and take
several more days to heal
DIAGNOSIS
• Physical examination based on the telltale rash.
• History Taking
• Full blood count.
• Culture of lesion samples
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
• A cool bath with added baking soda, uncooked
oatmeal or colloidal oatmeal — a finely ground
oatmeal that is made for soaking.
• Calamine lotion dabbed on the spots.
• A soft, bland diet if chickenpox sores develop in
the mouth.
CON’T
• Antihistamines such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl,
others) for itching.
• Acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) or ibuprofen (Advil,
Motrin IB, Children's Motrin, others) for a mild fever.
• Administer varicella –zoster immune globulin
• Antiviral agent , Acyclovir
Giving varicella zoster immuno-globulin (VZIG) is
given less than 96 hours after exposure, namely on:
• Women with pregnancy.
• Children with impaired immune systems.
• Newborns whose mothers contracted varicella within 5 days before
delivery or 48 hours after birth.
• Premature infants 28 weeks of age or younger with a parent
without a history of previous varicella
•
CON’T
• NOTE: Don't give aspirin to anyone with
chickenpox because it can lead to a serious
condition called Reye's syndrome. And don't
treat a high fever without consulting your
doctor.
PREVENTION
• The chickenpox (varicella) vaccine is the best
way to prevent chickenpox. Experts from the
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC) estimate that the vaccine provides
complete protection from the virus for nearly
98 percent of people who receive both of the
recommended doses. When the vaccine
doesn't provide complete protection, it
significantly lessens the severity of the disease.
THE CHICKEN POX VACCINE (VARIVAX )IS
RECOMMENDED FOR :
• Young children. In the United States, children
receive two doses of the varicella vaccine — the first
between ages 12 and 15 months and the second
between ages 4 and 6 years — as part of the routine
childhood immunization schedule. The vaccine can
be combined with the measles, mumps and rubella
vaccine, but for some children between the ages of
12 and 23 months, the combination may increase
the risk of fever and seizure from the vaccine.
UNVACCINATED OLDER CHILDREN
• Children ages 7 to 12 years who haven't been
vaccinated should receive two catch-up doses
of the varicella vaccine, given at least three
months apart. Children age 13 or older who
haven't been vaccinated should also receive
two catch-up doses of the vaccine, given at
least four weeks apart.
REFERENCE
• www .mayoclinic .org
• www.auctionexport.com.
• Emedicine.medscape.com.
