WELCOME TO MY

CLASS!
 ACTIVITY 1 Factual or Opinionated

Directions: Tell whether the

statement is factual or
opinionated.
1.Pink is for
girls only.
Opinionated
2. Cats have
more than nine
lives.
Opinionated
3. It was stated by
PAGASA that it is
going to be sunny
today.
Factual
4. According to Aling
Jessie, vaccines will
make your body
become magnetic.
Opinionated
 5. According to
studies, children
imitate actions but
they do not
understand what it
means
Factual
ACTIVITY 2: GUESS ME !

Directions: Teacher will

describe a social media
platforms, and you have to
guess which one it is!
This platform is known for
connecting friends and family
through posts, stories, and a
“like” button. It has a signature
blue theme and is one of the
most widely used social
networking sites.
A place where you can share
photos and videos with
aesthetic filters. It’s popular
for influencers, hashtags, and
reels. Many users love
scrolling through its visually
appealing feed.
This platform is all about
short, real-time updates
and trending topics. You
can "retweet" posts, use
hashtags, and follow the
latest news and opinions.
Messages here disappear
after being viewed! It’s a
fun app where you can
send photos and videos
that vanish, use filters,
and maintain streaks with
friends.
A messaging app that lets
you send texts, stickers,
and even make free calls.
It’s widely used for group
chats and has a purple
theme.
Follow Up questions:

1. These Platforms are being used

for what?
2. How do you verify if the
information you see on social
media is true or fake?
3. Have you ever shared a post
without checking its accuracy? What
happened?

4. Why is it important to think

critically before believing or
spreading information online?
Judge the relevance
and worth of ideas,
soundness of
author's reasoning,
and effectiveness of
presentation.
 LESSON OBJECTIVES
1 2 3
Differentiate Use reasoning
Define sound
between skills in
reasoning
sound and identifying
and unsound factual
unsound
reasoning. information.
statements.
 LESSON OBJECTIVES
4 5
Judging the
Compare valid and
relevance,
invalid arguments
Soundness of Ideas
in real-world
and Effectiveness of
examples.
Presentation
ACTIVITY 3: CHECK HIS
REASON
Directions: Read the excerpt
from To Kill a Mockingbird by
Harper Lee and answer the
questions to judge the reason of
the character.
CHARCTERS IN THE EXCERPT
Atticus- A attorney who wants to defend a black
American named Tom Robinson

Tom Robinson- Black American falsely accused for

raping a white woman.

Scout- Atticus daughter who wants to convince his

father not to defend Tom.
"Atticus, do you really have to
defend that man?" Scout, his
daughter, asked. "Everybody
says he’s guilty."
Atticus sighed. "Scout, if I didn’t
help him, I couldn’t call myself a
good person. Doing the right
thing isn’t about what most
people think. It’s about what we
know is right."
"But people are mad at you.
They’re calling you names!"
Scout said.
"Sometimes doing the right
thing means standing alone,"
Atticus replied. "But if I don’t
stand up for him, how can I
teach you to be a good
person?"
Atticus defends Tom Robinson
in court and proves he is
innocent. However, the jury
still finds Tom guilty because
of racism. Even though
Atticus loses the case, he
teaches his children to stand
up for what is right, even
when it’s hard.
Comprehension Questions:
1. Did Atticus make the right
decision? Why or why not?
2. Was his reasoning logical and
fair?
3. Would you have done the
same in his place?
4. Does losing the case mean
Atticus was wrong? Why or why
not?
Relevance and Worth of Ideas
Two Key Aspects:
Relevance – How closely the information or idea
relates to the topic at hand.

Worth – How valuable, meaningful, or useful the

information is in contributing to knowledge,
decision-making, or problem-solving.
The relevance and worth of ideas refer to how
important, valuable, and meaningful an
author's ideas are in relation to the topic
being discussed. A strong argument or
discussion should stay focused, provide
meaningful insights, and contribute to the
reader’s or audience’s understanding of the
subject.
Example:
"Balancing academics,
extracurricular, and social life is a
significant challenge for many
students, leading to stress and
burnout, but the latest superhero
movie was surprisingly good."
How to spot irrelevant
information?
1.It does not support or
develop the main idea.
2.It shifts to an unrelated or
random topic that confuses
the audience.
3.It adds unnecessary details
that do not strengthen the
discussion.
Example:
"Balancing academics,
extracurricular, and social life is a
significant challenge for many
students, leading to stress and
burnout, but the latest superhero
movie was surprisingly good."
What is Sound Reasoning
 is simply reasoning that makes
sense, and follows some sort of
logic
 Fact-based statements
 SOUND
VALID + LOGIC=
REASONING
Example:

All birds have feathers.-

A sparrow is a bird.- VALID

Therefore, a sparrow has feathers. (Logical and

fact-based reasoning)
What is Unsound Reasoning
 An argument that is either invalid or
contains false premises.
 either an invalid argument or valid
argument with at least one false
premise.
Example:
All women are mothers. – FALSE
Anne is a woman.- VALID

Therefore, Anne is a mother. (Not all

women are mothers, making this an
unsound argument)
All birds can fly.
Penguins are birds.
Therefore, penguins can fly-
unsound.
Example:
All birds can fly. -FALSE
Penguins are birds. - TRUE
Therefore, penguins can fly-
unsound.
Cassowaries Penguin Ostrich
How to judge the
Soundness of the
Author’s Reasoning
We check the following:

1. Validity – Do the
conclusions logically follow
from the premises?
2 Truthfulness of Premises – Are
the supporting statements factually
correct?
3. Logical Coherence – Are the
claims consistent and free from
contradictions?
EFFECTIVE PRESENTATION?
How well you communicate the ideas to
others so they understand, find it
compelling, and are likely to act on it.
EFFECTIVE PRESENTATION
Clear
Logical
well-supported
Considers opposing views.
proves them with reasoning and evidence
ACTIVITY 3: Venn Diagram
Directions: Using Venn Diagram, write
the similarities and differences of sound
and unsound judgment.