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Data Analysis Week 8 Lecture Note

The document discusses Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA), emphasizing the importance of visualizing data distributions, relationships, and trends to summarize data characteristics. It highlights various visualization techniques such as histograms, scatter plots, line charts, and boxplots, and their real-life applications in understanding data patterns and detecting outliers. The conclusion encourages practicing EDA with public datasets to uncover insights and improve decision-making.

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18 views11 pages

Data Analysis Week 8 Lecture Note

The document discusses Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA), emphasizing the importance of visualizing data distributions, relationships, and trends to summarize data characteristics. It highlights various visualization techniques such as histograms, scatter plots, line charts, and boxplots, and their real-life applications in understanding data patterns and detecting outliers. The conclusion encourages practicing EDA with public datasets to uncover insights and improve decision-making.

Uploaded by

godswillemmanuel618
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data Analysis

Week 8 Lecture
Note
Facilitator : Obayagbo Oluwafemi
TOPIC

Title: Exploratory Data


Analysis (EDA)
Subtitle: Visualizing Data
Distributions, Relationships,
and Trends
 What is EDA?
 Definition: Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) is the
process of analyzing data sets to summarize their
main characteristics, often using visual methods.
 Purpose: Understand the data's structure, detect
outliers, and find patterns or trends.
 Example: Before launching a new product,
analyzing sales data from a similar product to
understand customer behavior.
 Why Visualization Matters in EDA?
 Definition: Visualization allows us to
see patterns, relationships, and trends
that might not be obvious from raw
data.
 Importance: Easier to communicate
insights and understand complex
datasets.

 Visualizing Data Distributions
 Definition: Shows how data points are
spread out, revealing patterns like
skewness or symmetry.
 Common Charts: Histogram, Boxplot.
 Real-Life Example: Analyzing exam
scores of students—histograms show if
most students scored above or below
 Understanding Relationships with
Scatter Plots
 Definition:
Scatter plots show relationships
between two variables.
 Purpose: Identify correlation or lack of a
relationship.
 Real-Life Example: Relationship between
advertising spend and sales revenue—are
they positively correlated?
 Trends in Line Charts
 Definition: Line charts help show changes
over time, making it easy to detect trends
or patterns.
 Common Usage: Time-series data.
 Real-LifeExample: Monitoring stock
prices over a year to understand price
trends.
 Detecting Outliers with Boxplots
 Definition:Boxplots summarize data with
quartiles and highlight outliers.
 Why it Matters: Outliers can indicate errors
or important insights.
 Real-Life Example: Analyzing income data
of a city’s residents—boxplots can show if
there are any extreme income earners.
 Using Heatmaps for Relationships
 Definition:Heatmaps display values in a
matrix form using color to represent the
magnitude of the values.
 Purpose:Great for showing relationships
between multiple variables.
 Real-Life Example: Visualizing a
correlation matrix to understand
relationships between several stock prices.
 Combining Visualizations
 Definition: Often, multiple charts (like
scatter plots and histograms) are combined
to tell a fuller story.
 Purpose: Helps in better decision-making
by providing a comprehensive view of data.
 Real-Life Example: Combining scatter
plots and boxplots to explore customer
spending behavior and outliers.
 Conclusion & Next Steps
 Summary: Visualizing data helps uncover
hidden trends, relationships, and anomalies.
 Next Steps: Practice by exploring public
datasets (e.g., sales, weather, or sports
data) and using visualizations.
 Real-LifeExample: Analyze sales data
from a supermarket to find seasonal buying
patterns.

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