A Multi-objective Supply Chain Optimization Approach Towards

Tripple Bottom Line Sustainability: A Case of Energy Production

Using Biomass

Abstract Results
This study examines supply chain optimizing biomass energy production in Punjab, Biomass has significant potential for sustainable Biomass Electricity Generation Capacity
Pakistan, for triple bottom line sustainability. It presents an optimization model for energy, using agricultural and industrial residues
16000

Electricity Generation Capacity (MW)

2024,
13778.62003
14000

the biomass supply chain, illustrating the feasibility and benefits of biomass energy, as shown in the figure. Biomass has a potential 12000

including economic growth, environmental well-being, and social equity. By 2024, of 13,778 MW by 2024, optimizing the supply 10000

green energy production is projected to reach 13,778 MW, constituting 15.8% of the chain enhances energy generation, reduces 8000

total energy requirement, aligning with sustainable development goals. This environmental impacts, and supports economic 6000

underscores biomass as a viable and sustainable energy solution for the region, with and social development. Residue which shows 4000

significant implications for economic, environmental, and social advancement. It important impact during optimization are shown
2000

emphasizes the importance of integrating renewable resources into energy in graph. 2

0

strategies. Moreover, adopting biomass energy results in substantial environmental

2
3

benefits, saving approximately 0.73 tons of CO2 per ton of fuel consumed compared The optimized locations for biomass power plants in Punjab, are Lahore, Sargodha, 2
0

to coal. Multan, Gujranwala, Faisalabad, and Islamabad. By 2024, biomass energy is 2

4

projected to contribute 15.8% of the region's total energy demand, highlighting its 2

significant role in meeting sustainable energy goals.

0

Objectives
2
5

2
0
1. To analyze the feasibility of energy generation using biomass in Punjab. 2
6

2. To optimize the supply chain design for biomass energy production, 2

considering triple bottom line (TBL) sustainability 0

2
7

Introduction
0
2
8

This process involves collecting raw materials, pelletizing them for efficient handling, 2
0
2
and transporting them to power plants. Biomass offers flexibility in production 9

adjustment. Optimizing the biomass supply chain enhances efficiency, reduces costs, The graph effectively demonstrates the Comprehensive advantages of the 2
0

and mitigates environmental impacts, while promoting local economic and social depicted data, showcasing its contributions to the economy, environment, and
3
0

benefits. This study uses Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) to create a society. Additionally, the table comparing energy costs and emissions highlights 2

holistic framework for sustainable biomass energy generation, ensuring economic,

0

the benefits of biomass, further emphasizing its positive impact. 3

1

environmental, and social sustainability.

2
2.00E+11 7.30E+04 0
3
1.80E+11 7.20E+04 2

Environmental Impact
1.60E+11 7.10E+04 Table 1 Comparison of Biomass and Coal
Supply Chain Cost

2
1.40E+11 7.00E+04 0 CO2
1.20E+11 6.90E+04
3
3 Source of Cost Emissions
Energy (PKR/kg) (tons/ton
1.00E+11 6.80E+04
Sug
arca of fuel)
8.00E+10 6.70E+04
ne
cost environmental Wh
6.00E+10 6.60E+04
eat
Coal 25-45 2.57
Rice
4.00E+10 6.50E+04
2.00E+10 Cott
6.40E+04 Biomass 9-18 1.84
on
0.00E+00 6.30E+04
Mai
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% ze

Social Impact Barl

ey

This project aligns with several Sustainable Development Goals, by promoting

Bajr
a
Jaw

renewable energy sources and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. ar

Tota
l

Methodology

Conclusion
In conclusion, by 2024, green energy production is projected to reach 13,778 MW,
meeting 15.8% of total energy needs. This marks a significant stride toward
sustainability. Moreover, the adoption of biomass energy in this project results in
substantial environmental benefits, including saving approximately 0.73 tons of CO2
per ton of fuel consumed compared to coal.

Project Supervisor Group Member References

Prof. Dr. Amjad Hussain Ehtasham Ahmed Anjum 2020-ME-137 1. Fattahi, Mohammad, Kannan Govindan, and Mehdi Farhadkhani. "Sustainable supply chain planning for
biomass-based power generation with environmental risk and supply uncertainty considerations: a
Waqas Ahmed 2020-ME-107 real-life case study." International Journal of Production Research 59.10 (2021): 3084-3108
Hammad Rasheed 2020-ME-122 2. Bilgili, F., et al., Can biomass energy be an efficient policy tool for sustainable
development? Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2017. 71: p. 830-845.
3. Azevedo, Susana Garrido, et al. "Biomass-related sustainability: A review of the literature
and interpretive structural modeling." Energy 171 (2019): 1107-1125.
4. Weisenborn Ph D, G., United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. 2018.