RULES FOR THE CERTIFICATION OF AIR

OPERATOR

• Commercial air transport can only be undertaken by an approved air

operator.

• AOC will be issued by the competent authority of the state.

APPLICANT REQUIRMENTS

• Must not already hold an AOC.

• Must register the aero planes in the state where the AOC will be
issued.
• With mutual agreement aero planes registered in another states shall
be used.
• must satisfy the authority of the State issuing the AOC that the
operator is able to conduct safe operations.
SUSPENSION OF AN AOC

• AOC can be suspended, if the competent authority feels that the

operator is unable to conduct safe operations.

• For this purpose periodic audits and inspections are carried out by the
authority.

• For continued approval, operator is to ensure that conditions for the

issue of AOC are complied with.
KEY POST HOLDERS

• Accountable manager.
• Flight Operations manager.
• Maintenance manager.
• Crew training manager.
• Ground operations manager.

• for operators with 21 or more full-time employees, a minimum of two

persons are required to fill the above listings.
CONTENTS AND CONDITIONS OF
AOC
• Name and location (Principal place of business) of the Operator.
• Date of issue and period of validity.
• A description of type of operation(s) authorized.
• The types of aero planes for a specific operation.
• Registration marking of the authorized aero planes.
• Authorized area of operations.
• Any limitations imposed by the authority.
SPECIAL AUTHORIZATIONS AND
APPROVALS
• CAT II/III operations (including approved minima)
• Operations in MNPS airspace.
• Extended range twin engine operations (ETOPS)
• Area navigation operations (RNAV)
• Operations in accordance with RVSM.
• Operations involving transportation of dangerous goods.
• Authorization to provide cabin crew initial safety training.
 OPERATIONAL
PROCEDURES (EXCEPT
LONG RANGE FLIGHTS)
ESTABLISHMENT OF
PROCEDURES
• Operator is to establish and define procedures for all ground and
flight operations.

• Checklists to be formulated and used in all phases of flights by flight

crew.
USE OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL

• Whenever available in controlled airspaces an ATC service has to be

requested and ATC instructions complied with.

• This will require an IFR plan in class A C D and E airspace.

• VFR/IFR flight plan in class B airspace

• ATC will apply required separation to maintain maximum safety.

SELECTION OF AERODROMES BY
OPERATOR
• Only Authorized aerodromes are to be used as destinations or
destination alternates.

• Must be approved by the operators.

• Must consider types of aero planes used.

• Must consider the nature of operation concerned.

TAKE OFF ALTERNATE – PLANNING
MINIMA FOR IFR FLIGHTS
• Weather report/Forecasts (TAFs) must indicate that during one hour
before until one hour after the ETA at the alternate aerodrome, the
meteorological conditions will be at or above operating minima.

• Ceiling must be considered when non precision or circling approaches

are the only available instrument approaches.

• Any performance limitations related to one engine inoperative must

be considered.
TWO ENGINE AEROPLANES

• Take off alternate must be located within either one hour flight time
at the one engine in-operative cruise speed

• Or where approved, the Operator’s ETOPS diversion time, up to a

maximum of two hours at one engine in-operative cruise speed.
THREE OR MORE ENGINES

• Two-hour flight time at the one-engine-inoperative cruise speed in

still air standard conditions based on the actual takeoff mass for
three- and four-engine aero planes.
DESTINATION ALTERNATE
• Destination alternate has to be detailed in Operational flight Plan.
• At least one destination alternate must be selected for each IFR flight unless,

• Planned Flight time does not exceed 6 hours.

• Two separate runways are available and useable at the destination.
• One hour before and after ETA ceiling will be at least 2000 ft or circling height is 500 ft
whichever is greater.
• Visibility will not be less than 5km
• Destination is so isolated that no useable alternate aerodrome exists.

• Two alternates must be selected when weather condition are below applicable
minima
AERODROME OPERATING
MINIMA (AOM)
• Foe each aerodrome (Departure, Destination, or alternate) the
operator is required to define applicable AOM.

• For takeoff, the minimum acceptable met visibility or, where available, the
minimum acceptable RVR.
• For instrument approaches, the AOM consists of DA/H or MDA/H and the
minimum applicable met visibility or RVR.
• Additionally, for non-precision approaches, ICAO Annex 6 also mentions cloud
consideration.
Operator’s Responsibilities - Departure
and Approach Procedures
• The operator must ensure that instrument departure and approach
procedures established by the State of the aerodrome are used.

• Commander may accept ATC clearance subject to operating

conditions and obstacle clearance.

• Final approach shall be flown visually or in accordance with the

established instrument approach procedures.
NOISE ABATEMENT
PROCEDURES
• Noise abatement is a major consideration for all instrument
departures and arrivals.

• The responsibility for implementing specific procedures rests with the

operator.

• A critical factor to be considered in noise abatement procedures is the

actual takeoff mass of the aircraft.
ROUTES AND AREAS OF
OPERATIONS
• Operator to ensure any restrictions or limitations are complied with.

• Ground facilities and services are provided with and are adequate for the
planned operations.
• The performance of the aero planes used (or intended to be used) must
ensure compliance with the minimum flight altitude requirements.
• Equipment of aircraft must meet minimum requirements.
• Appropriate maps and charts are available.
• If single-engine aero planes are used, surfaces are available which permit a
safe forced landing.
RVSM OPERATIONS

• Reduced vertical separation minima (RVSM) is now the accepted method of

applying vertical separation between aircraft operating between FL290 and
FL410.
• Approval to operate RVSM must be noted in AOC.
• Crew must be trained in RVSM.

• Aircraft must be equipped with,

• A/TCAS
• An altitude reporting SSR system.
• an autopilot height lock with an altitude deviation alerting system (audio or visual).
ESTABLISHING MINIMUM FLIGHT
ALTITUDES
• Following factors to be considered,

• Accuracy with which position of aircraft can be determined.

• Inaccuracies of the altimeters in use.
• Characteristics of terrain (sudden change in elevations)
• Severe turbulence and descending air currents.
• Possible inaccuracies in aeronautical charts.
• Correction for temperature and pressure variation from standard values.
• ATC requirements.
• Any foreseeable contingencies along the planned route.
CARRIAGE OF PERSONS WITH REDUCED
MOBILITY

• PRMs are defined as persons with restrictive mobility due to sensory

incapacity, intellectual deficiency, age, illness or any other reason.
• PRMs require special attention
• Operators to establish procedures for the carriage of PRMs such that
their presence would not,
• Impede the crew in their duties.
• Obstruct access to emergency equipment.
• Impede the emergency evacuation of the aeroplane.
• Not to occupy seat next to emergency exits.
• Commander must be notified when PRMs are to be carried on board.
CARRIAGE
Carriage ofOF PERSONS Passengers,
Inadmissible WITH REDUCED
Deportees
or Persons in Custody
MOBILITY

• Inadmissible Passengers : A passenger carried in an aeroplane from a

destination State to which the passenger did not have right of access
(i.e., no visa, excluded from a visa waiver scheme, or no right of
residence).
• Deportee : A person subject to judicial deportation (legally expelled)
from a State to a State to which that person has right of
access/residence.
• Person in Custody : A person in the charge of a law enforcement
officer being escorted from one State to another for judicial reasons.
PASSENGER BRIEFINGS

• Verbal or audio visual briefing must be given to all passenger before

the flight commences.
• Briefing card for the use of emergency exits and equipments.
• Additionally the briefing before take off must cover,
• Smoking regulations and seat positions.
• Location of emergency exit and use of floor escape path markings.
• Restrictions on the use of portable electronic devices.
• Seat belt fastening and unfastening.
• Use of Oxygen equipment.
• Location and use of life jackets.
FLIGHT PREPARATION

• For each flight an operational flight plan (OPF) has to be formulated.

• Before commencing a flight, the commander must ensure that,

• Aeroplane is airworthy.
• Instrument and equipment as per MEL (minimum equipment list)
• Necessary parts of Operations manual are available in board.
• Documents required are on board.
• Current maps and charts are available
• requirements concerning fuel, oil, oxygen, minimum safe altitudes, AOM and
availability of diversion aerodromes can be complied with.
• The load is properly distributed and properly secured.
REFUELLING AND DEFUELLING

• Refueling of aero planes with AVGAS and JET-B (mixture of gasoline

and kerosene) is not permitted when passengers are on board,
embarking or disembarking.
• If other fuels are being used (e.g., Jet A1), then procedures are to be
established to ensure that the aeroplane is properly staffed by
qualified personnel, ready to initiate an immediate evacuation by the
most expeditious means.
CREW MEMBERS AT DUTY STATIONS

• Each member to be at their designated station for take off and

landing.
• During all other phases unless duty permits, all crew members need
to be alert and at the duty station
• At least one suitable qualified pilot has to be always at the controls.
• If unexpected fatigue is experienced, the commander may authorize a
rest period.
• All cabin crew are to be seated at their assigned stations during
critical phases of flight.
Seats, Safety Belts and Harnesses

• Each crew member shall be properly secured by all safety belts and
harnesses especially during take off and landing.
• Passengers : Each passenger has to occupy a seat and the seat belt (or
harness) has to be properly fastened before takeoff and landing,
during taxiing, and in the interest of safety, whenever deemed
necessary by the commander.
• Designated seats may be occupied by one adult and an infant if the
infant is properly secured by a supplemental loop belt or other
restraint. (Infant is a child under age of 24 months)