DUW 10022
OCCUPATIONAL
SAFETY AND
HEALTH FOR
ENGINEERING
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK ASSESMENT AND RISK CONTROL
(HIRARC)
Learning Objectives
To define what is hazard, risk
and danger
To know the type of hazard
To explain the risk assessment
process
To explain the hierarchy of
control
Introduction
Legal Requirements
Sub-Section 15(2)(b), OSHA
1994
The making of
arrangements for ensuring,
so far as is practicable,
safety and absence of risks
to health in connection with
the use, operation,
handling, storage and
transport of plant and
substances.
Introduction
Definition
Hazard: Anything that can cause
harm or ill-health
Risk: The probability of the hazard to
cause harm
Danger: Relative exposure to hazard
Type of Hazard
Classification of Example of Potential Source of Hazard
Hazards
Physical Hazard Hazards that cause the body to become physically
stresses ex: Moving and rotating equipment, hot and
cold
Biological Known as biohazards, refer to biological substances
that pose a threat to the health of living organisms,
primarily that of humans. Ex: Bacteria and fungus
Chemical Pose a wide range of health hazards (such as irritation,
sensitization, and carcinogenicity). Ex: Carcinogens
chemical and corrosive materials
Ergonomics Ergonomic hazards refer to workplace conditions that
pose the risk of injury to the musculoskeletal system of
the worker.Ex: Wrong design of workstation and
unusual movement
Psychological Related to mental and personal well-being. Ex: Stress,
sexual harassment and violent at work
Why Carry Out Risk Assessment
• Gives organization effective way to
manage the hazard
• Requirement of the law. E.g.
1.OSHA 1994
2.CIMAH(Control of Industrial Major
Accident Hazards )Reg. 1996
HIRARC
HI = Hazard RA = Risk
Identification Assessment
RC = Risk Control
HIRARC
HI = Hazard Identification
Observation and
inspection
Review of document
and publication
Source of Hazard:
Man – Unsafe Act
Machinery – Installation, layout and design of
equipment
Materials – Substances such as chemicals
Method – The way people carry out their
work
Workplace condition – Air quality,
Class Activity
• Discuss types of hazards that exist in your
workplace.
HIRARC
RA = Risk Assessment
Qualitative Risk
Assessment
Semi Quantitative Risk
Assessment
Quantitative Risk
Assessment
HIRARC
RAAssociated
= Risk Assessment
with
reflection of the
likelihood of the hazard
that will cause harm and
the severity of that harm.
The two elements of risk,
i.e. likelihood and
severity, are
independent of each
other.
HIRARC
RA = Risk Assessment
The following aspects may be helpful to
determine the likelihood of a risk:
Frequency of occurrence.
Duration of risk occurrence.
Number of people being exposed.
Adequacy of existing control
measures.
Other risks that add to the increase of
likelihood.
HIRARC
RA = Risk Assessment (Qualitative)
Risk Matrix
LIKELIHOOD/PROBABILITY
4 Very Likely Could happen frequently.
3 Likely Could happen occasionally.
2 Unlikely Could happen, but rarely.
Very Could happen, but probably
1
Unlikely will never.
HIRARC
RA = Risk Assessment (Qualitative)
Risk Matrix
CONSEQUENCE / SEVERITY
Fatal / Death or permanent
4
Disability disability.
Serious bodily injury or
3 Major Injury
serious work caused illness.
Moderate injury or illness
2 Minor Injury
requiring casualty treatment.
Minor injury or illness
1 First Aid Injury requiring first only, no lost
work time.
HIRARC
RA = Risk Assessment
CONSEQUENCES (C)
PROBABILITY
Death /
(P) Major Injury Minor Injury First Aid Injury
Disability
(3) (2) (1)
(4)
Very Likely (4) 16 12 8 4
Likely (3) 12 9 6 3
Unlikely (2) 8 6 4 2
Very Unlikely
4 3 2 1
(1)
RF = (P x C), where: RISK LEVEL
RF = Risk Factor Level Action
High Immediate action.
P = Probability of Occurrence Moderate As soon as possible.
C = Consequence of Low
May not need immediate
attention.
Occurrence
RC-Risk Control
Terms
• Hazard control means the process of
implementing measures to reduce the risk
associated with a hazard.
• Hierarchy of control means the
established priority order for the types of
measures to be used to control risks.
Hierarchy of Control
1.Elimination Most effective
2.Substitution
Fairly effective
3.Isolation
4.Engineering Control
5.Administrative ControlLess effective
6.PPE
Principle of Crocodile
• Elimination- Eliminate the risk (remove
hazard)
Principle of Crocodile
• Substitution - Substitute the risk (use less
hazardous one)
Principle of Crocodile
• Isolation- Isolate the risk (isolate the work
area)
• Engineering Control – Design, barricade
and guarding
• Administrative Control - Safe work
Procedure
Principle of Crocodile
• PPE- Use Personal Protective
Equipment
Principle of Crocodile
• Or else……….Run away !
Class Activity
• Discuss the
possible control
measures for the
hazards that exist
in your workplace
HIRARC Table
Risk Assessment (HIRARC)
HIRARC FORM
ORGANIZATION Politeknik Kuching CONDUCTED BY: 1. NOR AIMAN BIN SUKINDAR
Sarawak (Name, Designation)
PROCESS/ LOCATION Machine Workshop Date:1.2.2015
DATE: 1.2.2015 Review Date: 2.2.2015
1. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION 2. RISK ANALYSIS 3. RISK CONTROL
No Hazard Which Can Existing Risk Likelih Severit Risk Recommended Control
Cause/Effect Control(If Any) ood y Measure
1 Trailing cables - Shocks - None - Ensuring the safe
- Fall routing cables (use
2 3 6
cable ties)
Oil spilling Injury by slip or -Housekeeping - Scheduling
fall when housekeeping .
accidently step on
(at floor).
3 2 6
Damage wire -Electrical Shock -None - Change new wire
2 3 6
Job Safety Analysis (JSA)
Job Safety Analysis (JSA) is a process used to
review job methods by breaking down the job
into simpler tasks.
Each basic step of the job is examined to
identify potential hazards and to determine
the safest way to do the job.
It is also known as Job Hazard Analysis (JHA),
Task Hazard Analysis (THA) and Analytical
Hazard Analysis (AHA).
Job Safety Analysis (JSA)
DEVELOP
DEVELOP
INSTALL
INSTALL
SELECT
SELECT
EXAMINE
EXAMINE
RECORD
RECORD
MAINTAIN
MAINTAIN
Job Safety Analysis (JSA)
Record
JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS
Location Job
Analyzed By Date Reviewed BY Approved By:
Name Signature Date
Date : Date :
Job Description:
Proposed Control
Job Steps Identified Hazards Person-In-Charge
Measures
