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BFS vs. DFS: Graph Traversal Explained

The document discusses two essential graph traversal algorithms: Breadth-First Search (BFS) and Depth-First Search (DFS). BFS explores graphs level by level, making it ideal for finding the shortest path, while DFS goes deep along branches before backtracking, useful for detecting cycles and topological sorting. Both algorithms have a time complexity of O(V+E) and a space complexity of O(V).

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Divyansh Gupta
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68 views5 pages

BFS vs. DFS: Graph Traversal Explained

The document discusses two essential graph traversal algorithms: Breadth-First Search (BFS) and Depth-First Search (DFS). BFS explores graphs level by level, making it ideal for finding the shortest path, while DFS goes deep along branches before backtracking, useful for detecting cycles and topological sorting. Both algorithms have a time complexity of O(V+E) and a space complexity of O(V).

Uploaded by

Divyansh Gupta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

BFS and DFS: Graph

Traversal Algorithms

Today, we'll dive into two fundamental graph traversal algorithms:


Breadth-First Search (BFS) and Depth-First Search (DFS).
Fundamentals of BFS and DFS
BFS DFS

BFS explores a graph level by level. It starts at a source DFS explores a graph by going as deep as possible
node and visits all its immediate neighbors, then their along a branch before backtracking. It starts at a
neighbors, and so on. source node and visits its first neighbor, then its
neighbor's first neighbor, and so on, until it reaches a
dead end.
Choosing the Right Search Algorithm

BFS DFS
Ideal for finding the shortest path, like in a maze or Useful for detecting cycles, topological sorting, and
network routing. finding connected components in a graph.
Algorithmic
Implementation
BFS Implementation
BFS uses a queue to store nodes to be visited,
ensuring level-by-level exploration.

DFS Implementation
DFS employs a stack to track the order of visited
nodes, enabling depth-first traversal.
Time and Space Complexity: BFS vs. DFS

O(V+E) O(V)
Time Space
The time complexity of both BFS and DFS is typically The space complexity of both BFS and DFS is typically
O(V+E), where V is the number of vertices and E is the O(V), as they need to store the visited nodes.
number of edges in the graph.

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