PERCENTAGE,
RATIO, AND
PROPORTION
CHAPTER 2
RATIO AND
PROPORTION
L E S S ON 2
Objectives:
1. Define ratio and explain how it
is used in business
2. Define proportion and discuss
how it is used in business
3. Differentiate direct proportion,
indirect/inverse proportion,
and partitive proportion, and
apply them in business
Introduction
Ratios are generally used
in business in cases of
partnership sharing of
profits and losses.
Example 1
Mark, Ronil, and Winston are
business partners sharing profits and
losses in the ratio of [Link],
respectively. If the partnership
incurred a net loss of ₱10,000.00 for the
month, the share of the partners in the loss would
be:
Mark = 1/6 x ₱10,000.00 = ₱1,667.00
Ronil = 2/6 x ₱10,000.00 = ₱3,333.00
Winston = 3/6 x ₱10,000.00 = ₱5,000.00
Lesson Pre-Assessment
1.A poll taken in a certain
subdivision on the
operation of the Bataan
Nuclear Power Plant
showed 235 citizens
voting “No” and 47
citizens voting “Yes”.
What is the ratio of the
Lesson Pre-Assessment
2. In a certain city, 2,000
families owned cars, 3,000
families owned jeepneys,
and 500 do not own any
automobile. What is the
ratio among them?
Lesson Pre-Assessment
3. Linda uses 2 eggs for
every 3 cups of flour in her
cupcakes. If she uses a
dozen eggs, how many
cups of flours will she
need?
Analysis
Analysis
1. How do we find the
ratio?
2. What are the possible
given amounts or figures
in a problem in order to
compute for the ratio?
3. What mathematical
Lesson
Discussion
RATIO
Ratio is the relation between
two numbers or two magnitudes
of the same kind.
A ratio is a comparison of two
numbers or measurements.
The terms of the ratio are the
numbers or measurements
being compared.
RATIO
The expressions 1:2 (read as
“one is to two”), ½, and 1÷2
indicate ratios. We are actually
comparing or showing the
relationship between 1 and 2.
RATIO
“Twice as many married
employees as single
employees” = means that
the ratio of married to
single employees is 2:1
where:
2 represents married
2 ways of finding the
ratio:
1. DIVISION
Example:
If there are 20 boys and
30 girls, we find the ratio
by dividing 20 boys by 30
girls and20/30
lowest terms.
=
reduce 2/3
it to
2 ways of finding the
ratio:
2. Comparing numerators
of fractions with the same
denominator
2 ways of finding the ratio:
Example:
If we have a total of 100 T-shirts
of 30 small-sized, 50 medium-sized,
and 20 large-sized T-shirts, we have
30/100 small T-shirts
50/100 medium T-shirts
20/100 large T-shirts
Ratio: small:medium:large =
[Link] = [Link]
Illustration 1
Lester and Reynaldo are
candidates. Lester
received 2,500 votes while
Reynaldo received 3,000
votes. What is the ratio of
Lester’s vote against
Reynaldo’s?
Illustration 1
Solution:
Lester:Reynaldo =
2,500:3,000 = 25:30 = 5:6
Illustration 1
Check:
Lester’s votes + Reynaldo’s votes = 5,500
(5,500) + (5,500) = 5,500 (5+6 = 11, the
denominator)
2,500 + 3,000 = 5,500
5,500 = 5,500
Illustration 2
Liezel, Maricel, and
Snooky are partners. Their
capital balances are
₱10,000.00, ₱20,000, and
₱30,000.00 respectively.
What is their capital ratio?
Illustration 2
Solution:
Leizel:Maricel:Snooky =
10,000.00:20,000.00:30,00
0.00 = [Link]
Activity 1
A, B, C, and D divided a
pie in such a way that A
got 1/5, B got 3/10, C got
1/10, and D got 2/5. Find
the ratio in which the four
divided the pie.
Activity 1
Solution: • Therefore , the
ratio is:
A= =
[Link] =
B= [Link]
C=
D= =
Activity 2
Zaldy has three times as
many red marbles as his
black marbles. If he has a
total of 24 marbles, how
many are red and how
many are black?
