POWER
POWER
Power in its broadest sense, as stated by
Heywood,2007 is the ability to achieve a desired
outcome and is sometimes seen as the power to do
something. He further explained that in the context
of politics and governance, power is usually thought
of as a relationship: the ability to influence the
behavior of others or having power over people and
the ability to punish or reward.
Dimensions or Faces of Power
According to Heywood (2007), the
following are the various ways how
power is exercised by members of
society. These are called dimensions or
faces of power: Power as Decision-
Making, Power as Agenda Setting and
Power as Thought Control
Power as Decision-
Making
This face of power consists of conscious actions that in some way
influence the content of decisions. Identifying who has power is done by
analyzing decisions in the light of the known preferences of the actors
involved. The implication of this view of power is that the most powerful
actors in society are those whose opinion are considered and upheld in
the decision making. The powerful are able to get what they want and
make others behave the way they wanted them to. According to
Boulding (2019) as cited by Heywood (2007), decisions can be
influenced in a variety of ways distinguished between the use of force or
intimidation (the stick), productive exchanges involving mutual gain
(the deal), and the creation of obligations, loyalty and commitment (the
kiss).
Power as Agenda Setting
the ability to prevent decisions being
made: that is, in effect, non-decision-
making. It involves the ability to set or
control the political agenda, thereby
preventing issues or proposals from
being aired in the first place
(Heywood,2007).
Power as Thought
Control
The ability to influence another by shaping what he or
she thinks, wants or needs. This is power expressed
as ideological indoctrination or psychological control.
In political life, the exercise of this form of power is
seen in the use of propaganda.
Types of Power
Power of Taxonomy
Reward Power
-the target person complies in order to obtain rewards he or she believes
that they are controlled by the agent.
Coercive Power
-the target person complies in order to avoid punishments, he or she
believes that they are controlled by the agent.
Legitimate Power
-the target person complies because he or she believes that the agent has
the right to make the request and the target person has the obligation to
comply.
Expert power
--the target person complies because he or she believes that the agent has
special knowledge about the best way to do something.
Referent power
-the target person complies because he or she admires or identifies with
Consequences of
There are 3 consequences of power according to Yuki (1989), compliance,
Power
commitment and resistance. He further stressed that employing certain
types of power in particular ways may result into these consequences.
Compliance- means readiness or act of agreeing to do
something.
The two types of power most likely to cause compliance are
legitimate or position power and reward power.
Compliance with the order may occur if it is perceived to be within
the leader’s scope of authority.
Compliance is most likely to happen if the reward is something
valued by the target person.
Commitment – is an even more desirable outcome because of the
trust and emotional pledge that it causes. It is perceived as loyalty or
a sense of dedication or devotion. Commitment is most likely to be
the consequence when the powers used are referent and expert.
The common way to exercise referent power is merely to ask
someone with whom one has a friendship to do something.
Expert power may result to commitment if the leader presents logical
arguments and supporting evidence for a particular proposal, order or
policy. It will depend on the leader’s credibility and persuasive
communication skills in addition to technical knowledge
PRESENTER
S
Juliana Silva Korina Jamie Chastain
contact details: Villanueva
contact details: contact details:
+123-456-7890 +123-456-7890 +123-456-7890
hello@[Link] hello@[Link] hello@[Link]
m m m
HISTORICAL
TIMELINE
Before 1542 1898 1946
This pre-colonial Spain cedes the The US grants the
Philippines Philippines to the US Philippines full
independence
1542 1941 2016
Spain claims the islands. Japanese forces invade the The Philippines elected its
islands. 16th president.
Where to
Go?
Welcome to the Philippines
According to French and Raven (1959) as cited
by Yuki (1989), there are different types of
power
Chocolate
Hills
The Chocolate Hills are
a collection of oddly
shaped hills in the It is unknown how
Philippines. many chocolate
As a result of its hills there are.
peculiar, one-of-a- There are a
kind formation and confirmed
lush, chocolate- minimum of 1268
brown foliage hills, however
during the dry other estimates
months, it was place this number
given its name. as high as 1776.
National
Symbols
Welcome to the Philippines
National National Tree National Bird
Flower
Sampaguita Narra Philippine Eagle
Its white flower is believed It is tall, sturdy, and The Philippine Eagle
to symbolize purity, enduring, symbolizing the represents the bravery and
fidelity, and hope. perseverance of the power of the Filipino
Filipinos. people.
National Fruit National National Leaf
Animal
Mango Carabao Anahaw
The heart-shaped mango It represents strength, Anahaw leaves represent
represents the "golden power, efficiency, tenacity, outstanding achievement,
heart" of every Filipino. and, most importantly, strength, and loyalty.
hard work.
National House National Gem
Nipa Hut Philippine Pearl
The nipa hut represents the It is a representation of the
most cherished Filipino ideal, Philippines' artistic prowess
bayanihan, which is the and natural splendor.
spirit of collective oneness.
Salama
Thank you for listening
t!
