MOD 7.
3
by 0724 B1.1 B batch
VERNIER CALIPER
INTRODUCTION
PRECUATIONS
This measuring
• Always clean the
instrument can gauge
measuring surfaces
the depth of dents or • Avoid damaging the
surface damage relative scale.
to a normal surface • Ensure the vernier
scale slides
smoothly
VERNIER
CALIPER
MADE OF USES TYPES
• Vernier calipers are • Since it i an precision • Standard
commonly
manufactured using
instrument it is used type
stainless steel for to measure the • Dial type
their durability and dimensions of the • Digital type
corrosion resistance. components (eg
shafts) internal
diameter of
bearings ,etc …..
TYPES OF
VERNIER CALIPER
MICROMETER
INTRODUCTION PRECUATIONS
• A micrometer is a
precision measuring • The scale reading
instrument used to must be properly
measure small visible
distances with high • All the numbers
accuracy . should be easily
visible and
• Add vernier scale to get understandable
accuracy. • No extra pressure
should be applied
after click sound
comes.
MICROMETER
• Micrometers are precision instruments used for measuring both
internal and external dimensions.
• The Imperial micrometer has a thread pitch of 0.025 (inch), resulting
in 0.025" advancement with one complete turn.
• The sleeve (or Thimble) of the Imperial micrometer is divided into
25 equal divisions, so each division corresponds to a movement of
0.001"
• In contrast, the metric micrometer has a thread pitch of 0.5 mm, and
the sleeve is divided into 50 equal divisions.
• With the metric micrometer, each division of the sleeve (or thimble)
corresponds to a movement of 0.01mm.
• Both micrometers provide accuracy to within 0.001" or 0.01mm,
depending on the unit system used.
• Micrometers offer precise measurements crucial in various industries
and applications
MICROMETER
MADE OF USES TYPES
• typically made of • Calibration of Aviation
• Outside Micrometer
materials like steel, Tools. • Inside Micrometer
cast iron, or light alloy • Inspection of Airframe
• Depth Micrometer
for the frame Parts.
• with the measuring • Electronic Micrometer
• Measuring Aircraft
faces (anvil and Engine Components
spindle) often tipped
with carbide for
durability
TYPES OF
MICROMETER
DIAL GUAGE
INTRODUCTION
PRECUATIONS
This measuring
• always handle them
instrument can gauge
gently
the depth of dents or • avoid sudden
surface damage relative impacts, ensure the
to a normal surface spindle and contact
points are clean
• store them in a
safe, dry place
DIAL GUAGE
MADE OF USES TYPES
• a body with a circular • It's commonly used • plunger type
graduated dial, a
to determine the • lever type
contact point
connected to a gear depth of corrosion
train, and an on aircraft skin
indicating hand that panels or to check
directly indicates the deviations in
linear displacement components like
of the contact point
crankshafts
TYPES OF DIAL
GUAGE
plunger type Lever type
TORQUE WRENCH
INTRODUCTION
PRECUATIONS
A torque wrench is a
• Always follow
precision tool used to
manufacturer
apply a specific amount instructions.
of rotational force • Use the correct
(torque) to a bolt, nut, socket or adapter.
or other fastener. • Ensure the wrench is
calibrated regularly.
TORQUE
WRENCH
MADE OF USES TYPES
• Tightening engine
• Its of hardened steel • Micrometer
for strength and mounts:
durability • Securing landing or Click-type
gear • beam type
• Assembling aircraft • Digital
structures: • Dial type
• Maintenance and
repair:
• Quality control
TYPES OF
TORQUE WRENCH
Click type Beam type Digital Dial type
SCREW DRIVER
INTRODUCTION
PRECUATIONS
A screwdriver is a hand
• Aviation
tool used to drive or
screwdrivers are
remove screws. It often non-magnetic
consists of a handle and • Some screwdrivers
a shaft with a tip that feature torque-
fits into the screw head limiting mechanisms
to avoid over-
tightening.
SCREW DRIVER
MADE OF USES TYPES
• Used to tighten or
Handle Materials: • Flathead
• plastic, Rubber ,wood loosen screws in
aircraft panels, • Phillips –
Shaft Materials fairings, and access • Torque
• Chrome-vanadium doors. • Hex (Allen)
steel • Helps in removing • Offset
• Stainless steel and replacing screws • Ratchet
• Carbon steel in the aircraft’s
Screwdriver
fuselage and wings
during inspections.
TYPES OF SCREW
DRIVER
Offset Rachet
PLIERS
INTRODUCTION
PRECUATIONS
Classification on basis of
• Never expose pliers
type of jaw and over all
to excessive heat.
length ranging from 5 to
12 inches • Never force a pliers
beyond it's capacity
PLIERS
MADE OF USES TYPES
• Pliers are typically • as firstly said for • nose plier
made from steel
alloys, often
cutting wires also • needle nose
including carbon used in task like plier
steel, chrome cotter pin installing • duckbill plier
vanadium, or removal and • diagonal plier
stainless steel, locking wire task. (cutter)
TYPES OF PLIERS
Nose plier Needle nose Duckbill plier Diagonal plier
plier (cutter)
SPANNERS
INTRODUCTION
• spanner (or wrench) is PRECUATIONS
a hand tool used for
gripping, tightening, or • Choosing the Right
loosening nuts and Spanner
bolts • Proper Handling
• It comes in various • Safety Measures
types, including open- • Avoid Improper Use
end spanners, ring • Storage &
spanners, adjustable Maintenance
spanners, and socket
spanners
SPANNERS
MADE OF USES TYPES
• Steel, chrome • To apply precise • Open end
vanadium steel, or torque to fasteners, • Ring
alloy steel.
• They are often
ensuring structural • crowfoot
chrome-plated for integrity and safety • socket
corrosion resistance by preventing • combination
and ease of cleaning. loosening or over-
tightening, and are
essential for various
tasks like panel
TYPES OF SPANNERS
Open-end Ring Combination Socket Crowfoot
HAMMERS
INTRODUCTION
PRECUATIONS
• Classified based on
weight and type of • Make sure the
head. Handle is clean.
• One among the • Head of the hammer
ancient tools. is tight.
HAMMERS
MADE OF USES TYPES
• Medium carbon steel • riveting and other • Pein Hammer
with hardened and
tasks involving • Soft-head
tempered working
faces. joining metal Hammer
components during • Mallets
• eye for attachment assembly and
of the handle is left maintenance
soft
TYPES OF HAMMERS
Ball Peen straight Peen Cross Peen Mallets
PUNCHES
INTRODUCTION
Punches are versatile tools PRECUATIONS
used for various tasks like • Choose the right
locating centers for punch.
drawing circles, starting • Inspect the Punch.
holes for drilling, punching • Hold the punch
holes in sheet metal, correctly.
transferring hole locations • Use proper striking
in patterns, and removing technique.
damaged rivets, pins, or • Avoid overreaching.
bolts.
PUNCHES
MADE OF USES TYPES
• prick punch-carbon
• used for various tasks Solid
steel like locating centers • prick punch
• Center punch-mild for drawing circles, • Center punch
steel starting holes for • Drive punch
• Drive punch-high drilling, punching • Pin punch
quality steel holes in sheet metal,
• Pin punch-carbon hollow punches
steel or stainless
transferring hole Transfer Punch
steel locations in patterns, Letter punch
and removing
damaged rivets, pins,
TYPES OF PUNCHES
Drive Punch Center Punch Pin Punch Prick Punch
Hollow Punch Transfer letter punch
Punch
ALLEN KEY
INTRODUCTION
PRECUATIONS
• Simple L-shaped tool • Always use the correct
Used to tighten or loosen size to prevent slipping
bolts and screws with and damage.
hexagonal sockets in • Apply steady and even
their heads. pressure to avoid
• Allen keys are classified sudden movements.
based on their design, • Wear gloves if working
tip, measurement with greasy or sharp
system, and etc surfaces.
ALLEN KEY
MADE OF USES TYPES
• Allen keys are Used for installing and • standard L-
typically made from
hardened steel or
repairing: shaped
tempered steel alloys • Seats and seat • ball-end
to ensure the tracks folding
toughness to • Overhead • T-handle
withstand fracture compartments
and abrasion • Cockpit panels
TYPES OF
ALLEN KEY
standard L- ball-end T-handle
shaped folding
HACKSAW
INTRODUCTION
• A hacksaw is a common
hand tool used by PRECUATIONS
aircraft maintenance • mount the blade
technicians for cutting with the teeth
metal. pointing forward
• chose the right
• The pitch of a blade blade for the task.
indicates the number of • applying even
teeth per inch. Pitches of pressure while
14, 18, 24, and 32 teeth cutting.
per inch are available.
HACKSAW
MADE OF USES TYPES
• Blades are made of • Cutting various BLADES
high-grade tool steel materials like metal • flexible
or tungsten steel and tubing, sheet metal,
are available in sizes • non flexible
and bolts, as well as ( hard)
from 6 to 16 inches
in length. for tasks like
enlarging small FRAMES
• The 10-inch blade is holes and shaping • Solid
most commonly use. prototypes in tight • Adjustable
spaces • Deep cutting
TYPES OF
HACKSAW
non flexible flexible
TAPS & DIES
INTRODUCTION
PRECUATIONS
Used in metal working
• Use Lubricant
to create and repair • Back the tap out a
screw threads, with taps quarter to half a
forming internal threads turn after every half
(like in nuts) and dies to full turn to break
forming external chips and prevent
threads (like on bolts). clogging
• Clean Threads
TAPS & DIES
MADE OF USES TYPES
• made from high- • Taps and Dies are Taps
speed steel (HSS), essential tools for • Bottoming
carbon steel, and creating and repairing
carbide
• Taper tap
threads on • Plug tap
components, ensuring
secure and precise Dies
fastening in
mechanical
assemblies, by
particularly for
TYPES OF
TAPS & DIES
bottoming Tap Taper Tap Plug Tap dies
STRAP WRENCHES
INTRODUCTION
A strap wrench is a
PRECUATIONS
hand tool designed to • Ensure a Secure
grip and turn objects Grip
without causing surface • Check for Wear and
damage. It consists of a Tear
flexible strap, allowing • Keep the Strap
for secure gripping and Clean
• Choose the Right
rotation.
Strap Material
STRAP
WRENCHES
MADE OF
USES
• Handle Material : Steel, • Removing Filters:
Aluminium, Plastic or • Helps in adjusting
fibre
hoses, pipe
• Strap material : fittings, and
Medium Carbon steel, connections
Rubber, Metal(chain), without scratching
Nylon or fabric or denting
components
FILES
INTRODUCTION
PRECUATIONS
This measuring
instrument can gauge • Never use a file
the depth of dents or without a handle.
• Never use a file as a
surface damage relative
lever.
to a normal surface • The file should be
frequently cleaned
FILES
MADE OF USES TYPES
• Files are primarily made • Fitting trade
of forged high carbon • utilized for tasks such • Flat File
steels that are as squaring ends • Half Round
hardened and tempered • filing rounded • Triangule
for durability and • Square File
coners, removing
effectiveness in various •
burrs slivers, Round File
tasks.
straightening uneven
edges
• filing holes and slots,
and smoothing rough
edges.
TYPES OF FILES(
TEETH)
• Single-cut files have a single
SINGLE row of teeth extending across
the face at an angle of 65° to
85° with the length of the file
• The double-cut files have two rows that cross
DOUBLE each other. The angle of the teeth and their
depth differ between the first row ("overcut")
and the second row ("upcut"). The upcut is
somewhat finer and not as deep as the overcut
TYPES OF
FILES
SCRIBER &
DIVIDER
PRECUATIONS
INTRODUCTION
Scriber
• Scribers are used for • points of the scriber must be
kept sharp and fine
marking guidance lines on
• Scriber should be fully
the surface of workpieces protected when not in use to
in workshops or machining prevent damage or dulling
processes. Divider
• The points of dividers
should be kept clean and of
• Dividers are used for
equal length.
setting out distances and • When not in use, the points
scribing arcs and circles on of dividers should be
workpieces. machining protected by sticking them
processes. into a cork
SCRIBER &
DIVIDER
MADE OF USES
• Medium carbon steel • riveting and other
with hardened and
tasks involving
tempered working
faces. joining metal
components during
• eye for attachment assembly and
of the handle is left maintenance
soft
SURFACE PLATE
INTRODUCTION
PRECUATIONS
A surface plate is a flat,
solid, and precisely • Keep the Surface
finished base used for Clean
inspection, measurement, • Avoid Heavy
and marking in Impacts
• Use Protective
engineering and
Covers
manufacturing. It • Store in a Stable
provides a stable Environment
reference surface for
various precision tasks.
SURFACE PLATE
MADE OF USES
• Surface plates are • Inspection of
typically made from Aircraft
granite or cast iron, Components
ensuring high • Checking Flatness
accuracy and and Straightness
minimal wear over
• Calibration and
time
Layout Work
• Machining
Operations
COMBINATION SET
INTRODUCTION
is a precision measuring PRECUATIONS
instrument used in • Make sure the
mechanical and aerospace Handle is clean.
engineering for layout work,
inspection, and accurate • Head of the hammer
marking of components. It
is tight.
typically consists of three
tools that can be
interchanged on a steel rule
COMBINATION
SET
MADE OF USES
• Combination sets play a
• Steel Rule: Made from stainless steel or
hardened carbon steel for durability and crucial role in aviation for:
resistance to corrosion. • Precision layout of parts
during aircraft assembly.
• Heads (Square, Protractor, Center): Usually • Inspection and alignment of
made from cast iron, forged steel, or die-
cast aluminum with a black enamel finish or structural elements.
powder coating. • Checking right angles and
angle tolerances in sheet
• Blades/Scales: Often marked with etched or
metal fabrication.
laser-engraved measurements (metric and
imperial).
FEELER GUAGE
INTRODUCTION
PRECUATIONS
Feeler gauges are used • When not in use, the
to blades should be
measure small lightly smeared with
clearances or gaps oil to prevent
rusting and ensure
between
longevity.
components or surfaces. • Proper maintenance
helps maintain
accuracy and
functionality.
FEELER GUAGE
MADE OF USES
• high-carbon steel or • To precisely measure
stainless steel blades.
clearances and gaps
• They consist of a in critical engine
series of thin, flexible components and
steel blades with other machinery,
graduated ensuring accurate fit
thicknesses, typically and proper
ranging from 1.5 to 15
or 25 thousandths of
functioning
an inch.
PNEUMATIC TOOLS
INTRODUCTION
PRECUATIONS
Pneumatic tools, such
as drills, riveting Lubrication and
Moisture Control
hammers, blind riveting
tools, shears, sanders,
Clean Air Supply
rivet croppers, and Connections
millers, are commonly
used.
Types of Pneumatic
drilling in restricted positions.
Tools
• Air Operated (Windy) Drills: Available in straight or pistol grip forms, used for
• Rotary Saw: Used for cutting metal sheets, plywood, and plastic, with a cutting
capacity of 0.8mm to 2mm.
• Pneumatic Shears: Designed for cutting sheet metal up to 14 SWG in mild steel
and 12 SWG in light alloy, using a reciprocating shear blade.
• Pneumatic Riveting Hammers: Used for setting solid rivets, delivering 1,500
blows per minute through an oscillating piston.
• Pneumatic Blind Riveters: Specialized tools for forming blind rivets, sometimes
using a hydraulic intensifier.
• Mandrel Cropping Tool: Cuts off protruding rivet mandrels after setting,
requiring further milling for a clean finish.
PNEUMATIC
TOOLS
MADE OF USES TYPES
Body/Casing: • essential in aircraft • Pneumatic
• Aluminum
• Magnesium alloys:
maintenance and driil gun
• Composite materials manufacturing • Rotary Saw
or reinforced plastic • used for drilling • Pneumatic
and fastening, Riveting
Internal Components: riveting, and Hammer
• Brass or bronze mandrel cropping • Pneumatic
• Steel (Carbon or
Alloy) Riveting Gun
TYPES OF
PNEUMATIC TOOLS
Pneumatic Rotary Saw pneumatic Pneumati
Drill Gun riveting c
hammer riveting
gun
LUBRICATION
METHODS
INTRODUCTION
PRECUATIONS
Include lubricants like oil, No contaminants in the
grease for sliddding of metal lubricants
surface. They are done to
avoid corrosion and keep it Use appropriate
long lasting. The procedure lubricants
for it is given in aircraft
maintenance manual.
Lubricant
s
WHY LUBRICATION?
• Lubricants serve multiple functions including reducing
friction, dissipating heat, and forming anti-corrosive
barriers
• Lubrication of aircraft and its components is crucial for
reducing friction and minimizing the risk of component
failure. It must be carried out regularly and according
to prescribed schedules.
CRIMPER &
STRIPPER
IN T R O D U C T IO N
• Crimpers and strippers are PRECUATIONS
essential hand tools used • Ensuring the
for working with electrical
electrical circuit is
wires
de-energized.
• crimper is used to join
• Correct length of
wires to terminals.
• stripper is used to wire to be taken for
remove insulation from stripping
electrical wires without
damaging the conductive
core.
Crimpers
CRIMPER &
STRIPPER
MADE OF USES TYPES
• Steel (High Carbon or • Wire Harnessing Crimper
Stainless Steel)
• Rubber or Plastic (for
• Maintenance & • Hydraulic
Handles) Repair Crimper
• Hardened Alloy Steel • Avionics • Ratchet Crimpe
Blades Installation • Manual Crimper
• Safety Compliance:
Stripper
• Manual
• Automatic
TYPES OF
CRIMPER
Hydraulic Ratchet Manual
Crimper Crimper Crimper
TYPES OF
STRIPPER
Manual Automatic Adjustable
SUMMARY
• In conclusion, aviation tools are essential in ensuring
the safety, efficiency, and overall performance of the
aviation industry.
• From aircraft maintenance to navigation and
communication systems, these tools play a pivotal
role in keeping the skies safe and operations
smooth.
• As technology continues to evolve, the tools we use
in aviation will only become more advanced,
contributing to further improvements in safety, cost-
effectiveness, and operational efficiency.
• Understanding the importance of these tools and
staying updated with the latest innovations is crucial
for anyone involved in the aviation field.
• Thank you for your attention, and I look forward to
