INTRODUCTION TO INDIAN KNOWLEDGE SYSTEM

Indian knowledge refers to the knowledge,

beliefs, and practices that have been passed
down through generations in India. It
includes a wide range of subjects, such as
science, philosophy, art, and social norms.
What is included in Indian knowledge?
Vedic literature.
Yoga.
Ayurveda.
Sanskrit.
Indian languages.
Indian art.
Cultural and social practices.
Vedic literature: The Vedas, Upanishads,
and Upvedas are the foundation of Indian
knowledge. These texts cover a wide range of
topics, including medicine, astronomy,
mathematics, and philosophy.
Yoga: Yoga practices like asanas (postures),
pranayama (breath control), and meditation
can help reduce stress and improve well-
being.
Ayurveda: Ayurveda is a system of medicine
that is part of the Indian knowledge system.
Sanskrit: Sanskrit is a language that is part
of the Indian knowledge system.
Indian languages: The Indian knowledge
system includes many Indian languages.
Indian art: The Indian knowledge system
includes Indian sculpture, music, dance, drama,
and visual arts.
Cultural and social practices: The Indian
knowledge system includes cultural and social
practices and traditions.
How has Indian knowledge influenced
society?
Indian knowledge has shaped Indian society and
culture.
Indian knowledge has contributed to scientific
advancements in mathematics, astronomy, and
metallurgy.
The Indian knowledge system promotes
sustainable living practices.
 CHRACTER SCOPE AND IMPORTANCE
The Indian Knowledge System (IKS) encompasses
a vast array of traditional knowledge practices,
including philosophy, mathematics, astronomy,
medicine (Ayurveda), yoga, art, literature, and
agriculture, originating from ancient India,
characterized by a holistic approach to life and a
deep connection with nature, with significant
importance in providing solutions to
contemporary challenges through its unique
perspective on sustainability, health, and ethical
living; key aspects include the Vedas, Upanishads,
and principles like "Ahimsa" (non-violence) which
contribute to a rich cultural heritage and can offer
valuable insights for modern society.
Key aspects of the Indian Knowledge
System:
 Holistic perspective:
IKS views knowledge as interconnected,
integrating physical, mental, and spiritual
aspects of life, unlike the often
compartmentalized Western approach.
 Ancient texts:
The Vedas, Upanishads, and other scriptures
serve as foundational texts for IKS, providing
philosophical and practical knowledge on
various aspects of life.
 Ayurveda and Yoga:
These traditional Indian practices are
prominent within IKS, focusing on holistic
 Mathematics and Astronomy:
Indian mathematicians like Aryabhata made
significant contributions to mathematics,
including the concept of zero and decimal
system.
 Environmental awareness:
IKS emphasizes harmony with nature and
sustainable practices in agriculture and
resource management.
 Ethical principles:
Concepts like "Ahimsa" (non-violence) and
"Dharma" (righteous conduct) are central to
the ethical framework of IKS.
 Importance of Indian Knowledge System
Addressing contemporary issues:
IKS can provide solutions to modern problems like
climate change, mental health, and sustainable
development due to its focus on holistic well-being and
natural harmony.
Cultural preservation:
Studying IKS helps to preserve and appreciate
India's rich heritage and traditional knowledge
practices.
Personal development:
Practicing elements of IKS like yoga and meditation
can enhance individual well-being and mental clarity.
Educational value:
Integrating IKS into education can provide
students with a diverse perspective and deeper
understanding of their cultural roots.
 Global impact:
The principles and practices of IKS have the
potential to contribute positively to global discourse
on sustainability and ethical living.

Traditional knowledge vis a vis indigenous

knowledge
Definition ;
Traditional knowledge
Knowledge that is passed down through
generations and is associated with a community or
culture
Indigenous knowledge
Knowledge that is passed down through
generations within indigenous communities and is
associated with a unique culture or society
 Examples
Traditional knowledge
Includes knowledge of traditional medicine,
botany, and agricultural practices
Indigenous knowledge
Includes knowledge of cultural issues,
sustainable development, and problem-solving
strategies
Importance
 Traditional knowledge
Important for protecting the livelihoods of
indigenous people, and for its health benefits
 Indigenous knowledge
Important for providing problem-solving
strategies for local communities, especially the
poor
Application
 Traditional knowledge
Can be used in scientific, conservation, and
sustainable development efforts
 Indigenous knowledge
Can be used to fill knowledge gaps in Western
systems, and to update education policies
 Traditional Knowledge Vs Western
Knowledge
Western science is objective and
quantitative as opposed to traditional
knowledge, which is mainly subjective and
qualitative. Western science is based on an
academic and literate transmission, while
traditional knowledge is often passed on
orally from one generation to the next by
the elders
Values
 Traditional cultures may value family, community, and collectivism, while
Western cultures may value individualism, personal freedoms, and equality.
 Social interactions
Traditional cultures may have more complex social hierarchies and
formalities, while Western cultures may be more informal.
 Religion
Traditional cultures may place a central role on spirituality and religion, while
Western cultures may be more secular.

 Transmission
Traditional knowledge may be passed down orally from one generation to the
next, while Western knowledge may be based on academic and literate
transmission.
 Objectivity
 Western science may be more objective and quantitative, while traditional
knowledge may be more subjective and qualitative.
 Clothing:
 Traditional wear: Traditional wear may include lehengas and salwar-kameez.
 Western wear: Western wear may include cowboy hats, blue jeans, leather
belts, and cowboy boots.
 Local ecological knowledge:
Traditional knowledge often includes deep
understanding of local ecosystems, including
plant and animal life, weather patterns, and
land management practices

 Cultural identity:
Studying traditional knowledge is crucial for
understanding and preserving cultural heritage
and identity of communities.