Structure 2 : CONJUNCTIONS
Pertemuan 2 : 11 Maret 2012 Ai Melani
[email protected]Universitas Terbuka
Korea Selatan
Introductions
Conjuntions:Kata Penghubung
1. Coordinate conjuntions
2. Correlative conjunctions
3. Subordinate conjuctions
KEGIATAN BELAJAR 1
Coordinate Conjunctions
TIU: Coordinate Conjunctions (CC)
Coordinate conjuctions menghubungkan part of sentences
Coordinate conjuntions menggabungkan phrases
Coordinate conjunctions menggunakan dalam compound sentences
Coordinate Conjunctions
And
But
Or Yet So For
Coordinate Conjunctions (CC)
Structural Unit Joined By Coordinate Conjunctions Functional Unit Joined by Coordinate Conjunctions
Structural Unit Joined By Coordinate Conjunctions
Word Joined by CC: menghubungkan kata (unit) yang sederajat Noun&Noun (kata benda), verb&verb (kata kerja), adjective&adjective (kata sifat), adverb&adverb (kata keterangan) Phrases Joined by CC: menghubungkan dua frasa atau lebih. Frasa adalah kelompok kata yang saling berhubungan tidak punya subjek, predikat maupun pelengkap.
Clauses Joined by CC:menggabungkan dependent clause dan independent clauses.
Word Joined by CC: menghubungkan kata (unit) yang sederajat Noun&Noun (kata benda), verb&verb (kata kerja), adjective&adje ctive (kata sifat), adverb&adverb (kata keterangan). Noun
Anton and Toni Table and chair Books and Pencils Paper, cloth, or wood Children, men and woman
verb
Slipped and fell Jumped and ran Type and Print Listen,write or read Sing,dance, and play
Adjectives
Tall and slim Stupid but beautiful Small or tall Happy, cheer, or melancholy Cheap,economi cal, or expensive
Adverb
Slowly and carefully Quickly but quietly Late or early Clearly, loudly or intelligently Always,often or never
Word Joined by CC: menghubungkan kata (unit) yang sederajat Noun&Noun (kata benda), verb&verb (kata kerja), adjective&adje ctive (kata sifat), adverb&adverb (kata keterangan).
Toni and anton fought each other in a dual The artist used paper, cloth, and wood to make her
collage The old woman slipped and feel in the pavement The thief move quickly and quietly I will inform you if and when he comes Shinta is beautiful, diligent, and intelligent Ani is beautiful, diligent, but stupid Is this dictionary mine or yours?
Phrases Joined by CC: menghubungkan dua frasa atau lebih. Frasa adalah kelompok kata yang saling berhubungan tidak punya subjek , predikat maupun pekengkap. Bisa menggunakan and, or dan but
The choir sang the traditional songs and the national
anthem beautifully. He occupied his time in writing poetry, composing music, and playing the piano. Are they studying English, typing his project, or playing games on a computer? My big brother, my mother, and my little sister look alike. Did the students study in the classroom or under the trees? Eating healthy food and drinking mineral water is supposed to be good for you.
Clauses Joined by CC:menggabungkan dependent t clause dan independent clauses.
CC yang digunakan untuk menggabungkan dependent clauses adalah and, or dan but
He married a woman who was very intelligent and
charming, but who could not cook at all. He is not very happy although he has a beautiful house, and although he has a lot of money. I will go with you after I have finished my work, or after I have my lunch.
Clauses Joined by CC:menggabungkan dependent clause dan independent clauses.
CC yang digunakan untuk menggabungkan independent clauses adalah and,or,but,yet,so dan for
Cinderella thought the prince had forgotten her, but he
had not. The t-shirt is too small for you,yet it fits nicely to me. The teacher finished teaching, and she went to home.
Functional Unit Joined By Coordinate Conjunctions
Compound Subjects
Compound Predicate Compound Object Compound modifier
Compound Subjects.
Amir and Sani are from west Java
His house and my house are near.
How he looks or where he come from does not important to me.
Who he is or what he is does not matter too much for me
Compound Predicate. Kan
They cook,eat and sleep in the same room.
They read and write in English.
He took a bath,dressed up and went to
school.
Compound Object.
He bought a pen and a pencil
He looked everywhere for his key and wallet.
He said he was tired and he was going to
bed. Indah went to Korea with her friend and her boyfriend.
Singular or plural??
Compound subject yang digabungkan dengan and memerlukan kata kerja jamak.
Amir and maruli are from north Sumatra. Dog and cats often do not get along.
Tetapi apabila compound subject merupakan satu unit atau singular maka predikatnya bentuk tunggal/singular.
Bread and butter is fattening, The tea and coffee is used up.
Singular or plural??
Compound subject yang digabungkan dengan or maka kata kerja yg digunakan adalah bentuk tunggal apabila unit yg digabung bentuk tunggal.
Suci or Amin fails the test
Mr.Dahlan or his wife is mistaken
Tetapi apabila unit yg digabung dengan or mempunyai jumlah yg berbeda maka kata kerjanya disesuaikan dg unit yg terdekat.
The players or the referee is mistaken The referee or the players are mistaken
KEGIATAN BELAJAR 2 Subordinate Conjunctions
TIU: Subordinate Conjunctions (SC)
SCDigunakan dalam kalimat SCDigunakan dalam prepositions SCDigunakan dalam adverb SCDigunakan dalam Interrogative pronouns
Subordinate Conjunctions (SC)
1
Single-word subordinate Conjunctions Two-word Conjunctions Conjunctions begin with prepositional phrases Split conjunctions
Single word subordinate conjunctions
Adalah kata penghubung yang digunakan untuk
menghubungkan dependent clauses dengan main/independent clauses. (menghubungkan anak kalimat dengan induk kalimat)
After, Although, As, before,
because, if, once, since, though, till, that, until, unless, whenever, whereas, while.
Example
time
place cause Contrast
Conditions
After, as, before,once, since, till, untill, when (ever), while When(ever)
As, because, since
Although, though,whereas, while Il, unles, when purpose
Purpose
Two-word Conjunctions
Subordinate conjunctions yang terdiri dari dua kata.
inasmuch as, as if,
assuming (that), if only, in case, provided/providing that, so that, as though, only if
Example
cause condition manner Contrast purpose result
Inasmuch as, now (that) Provided/providing (that),if only, in case, only if
As if, as though
Assuming that So that So that
Conjunctions begin with prepositional phrases
Prepositional phrase +as : as far
as, as long as
Prepositional phrase +that: for the
purpose that, in order that, ..
Prepositional phrase +the fact
that: because of the fact that..
Split conjunctions
Kata penghubung terpisah terdiri dari dua bagian yang
terpisahkan dengan kata sifat, kata keterangan atau kata ganti.
So .that Such.that Such (a)that As/so..as
-er
Morethan less
Example
result
Positive degree
Comparative degree
Sothat, suchthat, such(a).that
As/soas
-er, more..than,less
KEGIATAN BELAJAR 3 Correlative Conjunctions
TIU: Correlative Conjuctions
CorrCDigunakan dalam kalimat
Menyesuaikan subjek dengan predikat dalam kalimat menggunakan correlative (Paired) conjunctions
Correlative (paired) conjunctions
Both..and Not only..but also Either..or Neithernor
Example
Both my father and my mother were in
Korea last week. Both ani and her friend are a liar. Not only my father but also my mother was in korea last week. Neither my sister nor my parents are here. Neither my parents nor my sister is here. She likes either coffee or tea.
