BASIC
SUPPORT
LIFE
(BLS)
WHAT IS BASIC LIFE
SUPPORT ?
Basic Life Support (BLS)
Sequences
defines of procedures performed
restore
to the circulation of oxygenated
blood
until they
after can be
a sudden given fullor
pulmonary medical
cardiaccare
hospital.
arrest
at a
BLS does not include the use of drugs
invasive
or
skills.
GLOBAL BURDEN OF SUDDEN CARDIAC
Approximately 700,000 cardiac arrests per
ARREST
year.
Bystander CPR before arrival of emergency
doubles
services survival
– from sudden cardiac arrest.
Early resuscitation can result in >60 %
survival.
BASIC LIFE
SUPPORT
It can be provided by trained medical
personnel,
including paramedics, and by Anyone who
knows,
How To do it, anywhere, immediately,
without any
other equipment.
PURPOSES O
CPR
Maintaining circulation
oxygenation in order to
and
a cardiac
maintain output to keep vital
organs
alive.
HODS - November 2006 27
INDICATIONS OF
CPR
CARDIAC
ARREST
RESPIRATORY
ARREST
COMBINATION OF
BOTH
AHA
GUIDELINES
The American Heart Association (AHA) is a
profit organization in the United
non-
States.
They are known for publishing standards on
support
basic lifeand advanced cardiac life support
(ACLS).
WHAT IS CAB
APPROACH ? acronym in
There is a common
used
BLS to guide providers in
appropriate
the steps to assess and
treat
patients in respiratory and cardiac
distress. This is CAB-D
(Circulation,
Airway, Breathing, Defibrillate)
irculatio irwa
reathing
CHAIN OF
SURVIVAL
FIVE LINKS OF ADULT CHAIN OF
SURVIVAL-
•Early recognition of cardiac arrest.
•Activation of the Emergency Response
System.
•Early CPR, to provide blood supply to
vital organs.
•Early defibrillation to restart the heart.
•Comprehensive post-cardiac arrest care
to restore
quality of life.
ACTIONS FOR PERFORMING ADULT
CPR
1
Assess scene safety.
2 Determine
responsiveness
3
Check carotid pulse
4 Perform chest
compressions
5
Open Airway
6 Check Breathing and deliver
breathe.
SCENE - YOU FIND AN ADULT LYING ON
GROUND
ASSESS SCENE
SAFETY
Assess to make sure the scene is safe
for you to
ASSESS
RESPONSIVENESS
Shake the shoulder and speak to the
adult
asking ARE YOU ALLRIGHT? . Look at
the
chest and torso for movement and
normal
breathing simultaneously.
CHECK
CIRCULATION
Check the patient for a palpable
pulse for 5-10 seconds. (Do not
carotid
more
checkthan
for 10
seconds.)
SHOUT FOR
HELP
IF THERE IS NO PULSE
AND
NO/ABNORMAL
BREATHING
START
CPR
CARDI PULMONARY
.To start CPR, place patient in supine position on a
RESUSCITATION
and flat surface.
firm
.Kneel down to the patient and locate the position
chest compression on person’s
for
chest.
LOCATION OF CHEST
COMPRESSIONS
Locate the lower
1/3
of the patient’s
sternum between
the
nipples in the
midline
of body.
HAND POSITIONING FOR
COMPRESSIONS
CHEST
1. Lock your
arms.
2. Place the heel of one
hand over the center
of
the
between
person's
the chest,
nipples.
Place your other hand
on
top of the first hand.
3. Keep your elbows
straight and position
your shoulders
directly
above your hands.
CONTINUED…….
Use your upper body weight (not just your
you push
arms) as straight down on the chest at least 2
(approximately
inches 5 centimeters) but not greater
than
2.4 inches (approximately 6 centimeters).
GOOD QUALITY CHEST
COMPRESSIONS
Press hard and
fast.
Allow for full chest recoil with each
compression.
compressions
Allow for only minimal interruptions to chest
.
CHEST
COMPRESSIONS
.Deliver 30 chest compressions
initially.
.Push hard at a rate of 100 -120
per
compressions
minute.
AIRWAY
After initial 30 chest compressions ,assess
establish
and
airway.
Give 2 rescue breaths, each lasting for 1
and assess for visible chest rise with each
seconds
breath
AIRWAY :OPEN THE
AIRWAY
After giving 30 chest compressions
victim’s
open
There are two maneuvers to open
airway.
airway-
the
HEAD- TILT CHIN-LIFT MANEUVER
(Or Jaw thrust maneuver if spinal
injury is
cord
suspected).
JAW THRUST MANEUVER
RESCUE
BREATHING
A technique used to resuscitate a person who
has st
opped
breathing, in which the rescuer forces air into
the
victim's lungs at intervals of several seconds.
METHODS OF RESCUE
BREATHS
Mouth-to-Mouth
Rescue
Mouth-to-Nose
Breathing and Mouth-
to-Stoma
Ventilation
Ventilation With Bag and
Mask
Ventilation With an
Advanced
Airway
Mouth to Mouth
Use a barrier device if available.
Breathing
pinch the nostrils for mouth-to-
mouth
breathing.
Make a seal using your mouth over the
mouth
of the patient or use a pocket mask or bag
mask.
Bag and mask Ventilation: The on
C
hand
Place the mask on the
technique face before
patient ’s attaching the
bag.
Using the non dominant
hand,
create shape with the
thumb
and index finger over the
top of
Hook the remaining the mask, and apply
fingers gentle
around the mandible, downward pressure.
and
lift it upward toward
the
Cover the nose and the mouth with the
mask
without extending it over the chin.
Change the
size of the mask, as appropriate, to
create a good
seal.
RESCUE
BREATHING
Each rescue breath should last
second.
approximately 1
Watch for chest rise.
Allow time for the air to expel from
patient.
the
Cardi
Resuscitati
Pulmonary
1 cycle of adult CPR is 30 chest
on
to 2 rescue
compressions
breaths.
Perform 5 cycles of CPR (lasts
2
approximately
minutes).
CONTINUE
CPR
2
30
If two providers are present: switch rolls
between compressor and rescue breather
every
High Quality
CPR 30 compressions to 2
breaths
100-120 compressions per
minute
RATE AND DEPTH OF
CPR
CONTINUE RESUSCITATION
UNTIL
Qualified help arrives and takes
over
The victim starts breathing
normally
Rescuer becomes exhausted
AUTOMATED EXTERNAL
DEFIBRILLATOR
An AED, or automated external
defrillator, is a device that has
the ability to detect irregular
heart rhythm and it
automatically
delivers a defibrillation shock
to
stop irregular heart beat and
AEDs
allow are designed to be
a normal
used by rhythm to resume.
any laypersons.
ATTACH PADS TO CASUALTY’S
BARE CHEST
DEFIBR TION
YOU
CLEAR I
CLEAR
ALL
CLEAR
IF VICTIM STARTS TO BREATHE
NORMALLY PLACE IN
RECOVERY
POSITION
RECOVERY
POSITION
COMPLICATIONS OF
CPR
1. Rib Fracture
2. Internal injuries to
organs
3. Laceration related
to
the tip of the
4. Vomiting
sternum
andaspiratio
5. Gastric
n
distension.
HODS - November 2006 86
TAKE HOME MESSAGE
Taking the right action quickly and
confidently can
make the difference between life and death
for a
person dealing with cardiac arrest.
