UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE L
SCIENCE DHARWAD
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE HANUMANAMATTI
COMMERCIAL HORTICULTURE
AEL – 407
SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY :
[Link].T SINCHANA C
BILLAV
PROFESSOR .
UGS21AGR10305
DEPT OF HORTICULTURE MADHUSHREE. M
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE HANUMANAMATTI UGS21AGR10192
Importance
• [Link] is one of the most commonly grown flowers
for garden decoration and extensively used as loose
flowers for making garlands for religious and social
functions
• 2. It has gained popularity amongst the gardeners on
account of its easy culture and wide adaptability
• [Link] are ideal for cut flowers, especially for
making garlands
• [Link] demand for marigold flowers during Dashara and
Diwali is very high as well as other festivals
• [Link] flowers is also known as “FRIENDSHIP
FLOWER” in United States
Climatic Requirement
• It required mild climate for better growth and
flowering
• Temperature required for better growth and
germination 18-30 c
• Required full sunligh for healthy growth
• Moderate rainfall is suitable
• Grown throughout the year in tropical and
subtropical climates with two sowing season JUNE
–JULY and OCTOBER - NOVEMBER
Soil requirement
• Marigoild grows best in well drained loamy
soil with good organic matter
• Sandy loam is preferred for early flowering
• pH : The soil should have the pH range of
6 .5 – 7.5
Popular varieties
# African Marigold: Tall plants with large flowers
Example: Pusa Narangi Gainda, Pusa Basanti
Gainda
# French marigold: Dwarf plant’s with small
flowers
Example: Red brocade ,golden gate
#Hybrid varieties: Gold coin, yellow supreme
Seed rate
• 500 – 800 gm/acre
Nursery Preparation
Marigolds are usually propagated through seeds.
Before sowing, treat the seeds by mixing 10 ml of
Azospirillum in a cold jaggery solution and evenly
coat it on the seed surface
Prepare nursery beds of convenient length, 75 cm
width, and 10 – 20 cm height. Apply a sufficient
quantity of well-rotten FYM and mix them properly
with the soil.
• Sow the seeds in rows 5 cm apart. The depth of
the sowing should be 2 – 3 cm. Cover the seeds
with FYM or fine sand and then give light
irrigation with a rose can. The seeds will
germinate within 4 – 5 days after sowing.
Seedlings will be ready for transplanting after
one month of sowing.
Main field Preparation and
Transplanting
• Plough the field to a fine tilth and then incorporate 10
tonnes of FYM for a one-acre field. The field should be
irrigated before sowing.
• Seedlings can be used for transplanting after 1 month of
sowing or when they have 4 – 5 leaves.
• NOTE: Transplanting can be done in the evening when
the temperature is relatively low)
Fertilizer Requirement for Marigold
• The general dose of fertilizer recommendation for
marigold is [Link] kg/acre of NPK
Irrigation
• Irrigation should be done immediately after
transplanting.
• Avoid water shortage during vegetative growth as it
may hamper plant growth and consequently flowering.
The frequency of irrigation mainly depends on soil type
and season.
In the winter season, irrigation can be given at 8
– 10 days intervals while in the summer season,
irrigation can be given at 4-5 days intervals.
• Water logging conditions should be avoided.
• A constant supply of moisture should be
maintained from bud formation to the
harvesting stage to avoid water stress.
Weed Management.
The field should be maintained in free weed
condition for the profuse growth of the plants.
Weeding should be done as and when required.
Generally, 4 – 6 manual weeding is necessary
during the growth period.
Pests of Marigold
[Link]
• Damage Symptoms:They suck the sap
and cause curled and deformed leaves
.Control Measures:# Crop rotation can be practiced.
# Maintain field sanitation.
#Spray Neem 0.3% at 2.5 – 3
ml/lit water.
[Link] spider mite
Damage symptoms: They suck the sap from the leaves
and cause tiny, red, or brown specks on the leaf surface.
Control measures: # Use high-pressure water spray to
knock off mites from the plant.
# Spray cow urine diluted with water (1:20)
[Link] and Weevils
Damage symptoms: They feed on young leaves and
tender shoots.
• Stunted growth of the plant.
• Control measures: Spray Neem oil extracts at 1 – 1.5 ml/lit water.
Red spider mite
R
Diseases affecting Marigold
[Link] off
• Symptoms: Most prevalent during the seedling
stage.
. severe cases, the affected seedlings may
collapse and die before they even emerge from
the soil.
# Management practices
Treat 1 kg seeds with 10 gm of Pseudomonas
fluorescens mixed in 10 ml of water
[Link] mildew
Symptoms: The appearance of white or gray powdery
growth on leaves stems and
Infected leaves may turn yellow and fall prematurely.
Reduced flowering
Management practices: A mixture of 2 kg turmeric
powder and 8 kg wood ash can be dusted over the
leaves.
3. Wilt and Stem rot :
Symptoms: Affected plants’ leaves may appear limp,
droopy and wilted even if the soil is moist.
Management practices: Soil Application of Pseudomonas
fluorescence at 10 ml/lit water.
Growth regulators cycocel( CCC)
#Growth RegulatorsCycocel(CCC)
• Use to enhance branching and flower [Link]
acid (GA): promotes early flowering when sprayed at
50-100ppm [Link]:induces more
branching and flower yiled at 250ppm
Harvesting
• Marigold flowers are ready for harvest when they have attained
their full size, which is typically about 2.5 months after the day
of transplanting
• After the first harvest, the plant continues to bear flowers for
another 2 – 2.5 months.
• Flowers are to be plucked once in 3 days to improve the yield.
Harvesting should be done in the cooler part of the day, viz.,
either morning or late evening hours.
• Flowers should be picked along with the portion of stalk
• In order to prolong the vase life of marigold flowers after
harvest, it is recommended to irrigate the field before
harvesting the flowers. But overwatering should be prevented
Yield
• The yield of the flowers depends upon the season, soil
fertility and variety.
• African marigold: 3 – 4 t/acre
• French marigold: 4.5 – 7 t/acre.
Cultivation sheet of marigold
VARIETY.
Area of cultivation = 2Guntqs
Land preparation =. 1000
Seed cost. = 2000
• Fertilizer=. 2000
• Total cost of cultivation =5000
•
• Yileld. =3 quintal/2 guntas
• Average selling price =50 rs /kg
•
• Total income =15000
• Net income. =10.000
BC RATIO
• BC RATIO= NET RETURN/ COST OF PRODUCTION
• B.C RATIO = 10000/5000
• B.C RATIO = 2
