VICE AND DRUG

EDUCATION AND CONTROL

Prepared by:
JOANA MARIE A. PALUGA, RCRIM
TITLE: CDI 7 Vice and Drug
Education and Control
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
This course will talk about the different kinds of human vices and the different
kinds of drugs. It will deal on the Sociological, Psychological, and Physiological
perspectives and dimensions on the effects of drug use and abuse, and the social
development of vices. It will also cover on the different laws governing, regulating
and prohibiting drugs and vices. The enforcement of these different laws, relevant
jurisprudence, the investigation, gathering of evidence, arrest and seizure of drugs
and vices.
PRELIM
Definition of Vice

The word "vice" is derived from the Latin word vitium, which means
"failure" or "defect." A. vice is a habitual practice that is considered sinful
or degrading within a society. It can also refer to a negative character trait
or an unhealthy habit like excessive smoking, drinking of alcohol, and
gambling.
Law enforcement, it refers to criminal activities related to gambling, alcohol, illegal
drugs, prostitution, pornography, and the like, and crimes related to.

Seven deadly vices or sins identified by Dante Aligheri in the classical work, "Divine
Comedy:"

1. Pride - This refers to an excessive love of one's self.

2. Envy - This refers to the resentment of others for their worldly possessions.
3. Wrath - This refers to one's feelings of hatred, revenge, or anger towards another
person.
4. Sloth - Also refers to laziness, this is similar to idleness or wasting one's time doing
unproductive things.
5. Avarice - This refers to the desire to possess more than what is needed. This is also a
desire to own excessive amounts of material things.
6. Gluttony - This refers to the desire to engage in overindulgence in drinks,
intoxicants, and food.
7. Lust - This refers to one's excessive sexual desires.
• The Most Common Vices
SMOKING

Tobacco Smoking
Electronic Cigarette
Passive Smoking
 • The Most Common Vices
SMOKING
Tobacco Smoking

Electronic Cigarette

Passive Smoking
Effects of Smoking
Cancer
Oral Cancer
Pulmonary Disease
Cardiovascular Disease
Renal Failure
Infection
Impotence
Psychological Effects
ALCOHOL
Types of Alcoholic Drinks

• Wine
• Beer
• Distilled Spirits
Effect of Excessive Alcohol
Intake
• Brain Damage and Dementia
• Mental Health Effects
• Sleep Deprivation
• Liver Disease
• Pancreatitis
• Hormonal Imbalance
• Sexual Dysfunction
• Rheumatoid Arthritis
GAMBLING
Forms of Gambling
• Casino Games
• Sports betting
• Fixed-odds betting
• Arbitrage betting
• Jueteng
• History of Drug Abuse
Earliest Human Drug Use: Written Evidence
The following timeline details verifiable written records of the use of intoxicants by humans, from the
Pre-Classical period through the Classical period.

Egypt, 3500 B.C.E. – Alcohol

The first written record of the production of alcohol appears on a fragment of Egyptian papyrus, which
described a brewery thought to make beer. Please refer to the book The Pleasure Seekers: The Drug
Crisis, Youth, and Society by Joel Fort for a detailed discussion of this discovery.

Mesopotamia, 3400 B.C.E. – Opium

Archaeologists discovered the first written record of human cultivation of the opium poppy at the site of
the ancient Sumerian city Nippur, located in present-day Iraq. Cuneiform tablets containing the
ideograms “Hul” and “Gil,” which translate loosely to “Joy Plant” indicate humans cultivated the poppy,
and further, knew about its euphoric properties. Please refer to the book The General History of Drugs
by Antonio Escohotado and the definitive scholarly article “A Brief History of opiates, opioid peptides,
and opioid receptors” by Michael J. Brownstein for in-depth details and analysis.
China, 2737 B.C.E – Cannabis
Experts attribute the first written record of cannabis use to the ancient Chinese medical text “The Herbal,” written during
the reign of Emperor Shen Neng. Ancient Chinese use cannabis-based tea to treat malaria, gout, and rheumatism.
Please refer to the book Understanding Marijuana: A New Look at the Scientific Evidence by Mitch Earlywine for in-
depth details and scholarly analysis.

Mesopotamia, 2000 – 1800 B.C.E. – Alcohol

The earliest written record of the use of alcohol as an intoxicant appears in the Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh (2000
B.C.E.), as seen in the following verse:
“Enkidu knew nothing about eating bread for food,
And of drinking beer he had not been taught.
The harlot spoke to Enkidu, saying:
“Eat the food, Enkidu, it is the way one lives.
Drink the beer, as is the custom of the land.”
Enkidu ate the food until he was sated,
He drank the beer – seven jugs! And became expansive and sang
with joy!”
Further evidence for the use of alcohol as an intoxicant during this period in Sumerian
culture exists in the surviving “Prayer to Nikasi” (1800 B.C.E.). Nikasi was known as the
beer goddess, and the hymn details the process for production of a brew called kash.
Please refer to the book Drink: A Cultural History of Alcohol by Iain Gately for a complete
analysis.

Greece, Rome, Early Europe, 800 B.C.E. – 500 C.E. – Opium, Cannabis, Alcohol
cannabis leaf
Written records discussing the use of opium, cannabis, and alcohol begin with the works
of the Greek poet Hesiod (750 -850 B.C.E.), continue through the rise and fall of the
Greek and Roman Empires, and become commonplace by the early Middle Ages. The
most well-known references to intoxicants appear in the writings of Hippocrates (460 –
370 B.C.E), the historical records of Alexander the Great (356 – 323 B.C.E.), the
Chinese physician Hua To (unknown date of birth – 208 C.E.), and the Bible.
 ILLICIT DRUG ROUTES
First Drug Traffic Route

• Middle East - Discovery, Plantation, Cultivation, Harvest

• Turkey - Preparation for Distribution
• Europe - Manufacture, Synthesis, Refinement
• United States - Marketing, Distribution
 ILLICIT DRUG ROUTES

Secondary Drug Routes

 ILLICIT DRUG ROUTES

Secondary Drug Routes

THE NATURE AND PHYSIOLOGY OF DRUGS

• Drug- is defined as a substance used as a medicine or in making medicines which

affects the body and mind and have potential for abuse. In its criminological meaning,
it refers to substances other than food and water that is intended to be taken or
administered for the purpose of altering, sustaining or controlling the recipient's
physical, mental or emotional state.

• From the French word "drogue" which means dry substance.

Two Forms
• Natural Drugs- this includes natural plant leaves, flowering tops, opium, marijuana,
etc.
• Synthetic/Artificial Drugs- these are drugs produced by clandestine laboratories which
include those that are controlled by law because they are used in the medical practice.
Physicians prescribed them and are purchased in the legitimate outlets like drugstores.
• Prescriptive Drugs
These are drugs requiring written authorization from a doctor to allow
a purchase. They are prescribed according to the individual's age,
weight and height and should not be taken by anyone else.

• Over the Counter Drugs (OTC)

These are non prescription medicines which may be purchased from
any pharmacy or drugstore without written authorization from a
doctor. They are use to treat minor and short term illnesses and any
persistent condition should be immediately referred to a physician.
GENERAL DRUG CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO EFFECTS

1. Deppresants (Downers)-
They dull the minds, slow down
the body reactions to the extent
that accidental deaths or
suicides usually happen. This
usually cause depression,
relieve pain and induce
sedation or sleep and suppress
cough.
KINDS OF DEPPRESANTS
A. Opium- derived from a poppy plant- papaver somniferum popularly
known as "gum", "gamut", "kalamay" or "panocha". It can grow 3 to 6
feet in height originally in Mesopotamia.
B. Morphine- most commonly used and best used opiate. Effective as a
painkiller six times potent than the opium, with a high dependence
producing potential.
C. Paregoric- a tincture of opium in combination with camphor.
Commonly uses as a household remedy for diarrhea and abdominal
pain.
D. Demerol and Methadone- common synthetic drugs with
morphine like effects. Demerol is used as a painkiller in childbirth
while Methadone is the drug of choice in the withdrawal treatment
of heroin dependents since it relieves the physical craving for
heroin.
E. Barbiturates- are drugs used for inducing sleep in persons plagued
with anxiety, mental stress, and insomnia. They are also of value in the
treatment of epilepsy and hypertension.
F. Seconal- commonly used among hospitality girls. Sudden withdrawal
from these drugs is even more dangerous than opiate withdrawal. The
dependent develops convulsions and delirium associated with heart
and respiratory failure.
G. Tranquilizers -calm and relax and diminish anxiety. Used in the
treatment of nervous states and some mental disorders without
producing sleep.
H. Volatile Solvents- gaseous substances popularly known tc abusers as "gas",
or "teardrops". Examples are plastic glu hair spray, rugby, acetone, gasoline,
kerosene, varnish, etc.
I. Alcohol- the king of all drugs with potential for abuse. It considered
the most widely used, socially accepted and most extensively legalized
drug throughout the world.
2. Stimulants (Uppers)
They produce effects opposite to
that of the depressants because
instead of bringing about
relaxation and sleep, they
produce increased mental
alertness, wakefulness, reduce
hunger, and provide a feeling of
well being.
KINDS OF STIMULANT
( UPPERS )
A. Amphetamines - used medically for weight reducing in obesity, relief
of mild depression and treatment.
B. Cocaine- the drug taken from the coca bush plant that grows in
South America. It is usually in the form of powder that can be taken
orally, injection or sniffed as to achieve intense feeling of highness.
C. Caffeine- it is present in coffee, tea, chocolate, cola drinks and
some wake up pills.
D. Shabu- the "poor man's cocaine" that is chemically known as
methamphetamine hydrochloride. It is a central nervous system
stimulant and sometimes called as "upper" or "speed". The purest
forms of meth are known as ice, crystal or Tina. "Glass" usually
indicates a chunk form of meth.
Additional names include beanies, chalk, crank, fire, Jenny Crank diet,
junk, sketch, speed, zip and zoom. A combination of meth and caffeine
is called yaba in Thailand.
E. Nicotine- an active component in tobacco which acts as a powerful
stimulant of the central nervous system. A drop of a pure nicotine can
easily kill a person.
3. The Hallucinogens (Psychedelic)-
drugs that consists of a variety of a
mind altering drugs, which distorts
reality, thinking and perceptions of
time, sound space, and sensation.
KINDS OF HALLUCINOGENS
( PSYCHEDELIC )
A. Marijuana - it is the most commonly abused hallucinogen in the
Philippines because it can be grown extensively in the country. The
effects of Marijuana include the feeling of grandeur.
B. Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) - this drug is the most powerful of
the psychedelics obtained from ergot, a fungus that attacks rye kernels.
LSD is 1,000 more powerful than marijuana. LSD causes perceptual
changes so that the user sees color, shapes, or objects.
Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) -
commonly known as ecstasy (tablet form), and molly or mandy (crystal form),
is a potent empathogen-entactogen with stimulant and minor psychedelic
properties.
- It acts as both a stimulant and hallucinogen, producing an energizing effect,
distortions in time and perception, and enhanced enjoyment of tactil
experiences.
- Also known as E, pills, caps, pingers, M&M, doopa, love drug, disco biscuits,
XTC, X and eccy
C. Peyote- is derived from the surface part of a small gray brown
cactus. Peyote emits a nauseating odor and its user suffers from
nausea.
D. Mescaline - alkaloid hallucinogen extracted from the peyote cactus
and can also be synthesized in the laboratory. One to two hours after
the drug is taken in a liquid or powder form, delusions begin to occur.
E. STP (Serenity, Tranquility, and Peace) - it is a takeoff on the motor oil
additive. Its effects are similar to the nerve gas used in chemical
warfare. It is less potent than LSD although its effects are similar to
those of psychedelics.
F. Psilocybin- this hallucinogenic alkaloid from small Mexican
mushrooms are used by Mexican Indians today. These mushrooms
induced nausea, muscular relaxation, mood changes with vision of
bright colors and shapes, and other hallucinations.
G. Morning Glory Seeds- the black and brown seeds of the wild tropical
morning glory are used to produce hallucinations. The seeds are ground
into flour, soaked in cold water, then strained through cloth and drunk.
They are sold in the names of "heavenly blues" "flying dancers" and
"pearly gates".
 GENERAL DRUG CLASSIFICATION
ACCORDING TO LEGAL CATEGORIES
- Prohibited Drugs
prohibited by the law (RA
9165)
 GENERAL DRUG CLASSIFICATION
ACCORDING TO LEGAL CATEGORIES
- Regulated Drugs- legal drugs
 GENERAL DRUG CLASSIFICATION
ACCORDING TO LEGAL CATEGORIES
- Volatile Substances
ORAL INGESTION
INHALATION
INJECTION
SNORTING
BUCCAL
Primary Causes of Drug Abuse
• Association
• Experimentation
• Poor Personality
• Poor Family Background
• Environment
CHARACTERISTICS OF DRUG
ADDICTION
- Uncontrollable Craving
- Tolerance- the tendency to increase the dose of a drug
- Addiction
- Physical Dependence
- Psychological Dependence
- Withdrawal Syndrome