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Concept 3 Notes - Naming Covalent Compounds

Covalent compounds are formed by nonmetallic elements sharing electrons, resulting in molecules that can have single, double, or triple bonds. They typically have low melting and boiling points, cannot conduct electricity in water, and are named using prefixes to indicate the number of atoms. In contrast, ionic compounds consist of metallic and nonmetallic ions, form crystals, have high melting points, and can conduct electricity when dissolved in water.

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115 views13 pages

Concept 3 Notes - Naming Covalent Compounds

Covalent compounds are formed by nonmetallic elements sharing electrons, resulting in molecules that can have single, double, or triple bonds. They typically have low melting and boiling points, cannot conduct electricity in water, and are named using prefixes to indicate the number of atoms. In contrast, ionic compounds consist of metallic and nonmetallic ions, form crystals, have high melting points, and can conduct electricity when dissolved in water.

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Covalent Compounds

• Covalent bond: bond that results


between nonmetallic elements that
share electrons.
• Molecule: compound formed when 2 or
more elements are covalently bonded.
• Bonds can be single, double, or triple
• Single bond = 2 electrons shared
• Double bond = 4 electrons shared
• Triple bond = 6 electrons shared
Single Bond
• 2 electrons shared (shown as a dash)
Ex. #1: H2 Ex. #2: H2O
Double Bond
• 4 electrons (2 pairs) shared
Ex. #1: O2 Ex. #2: CO2
Triple Bond
• 6 electrons (3 pairs) shared
Ex. #1: N2
Properties of Covalent
Compounds
• Made up of nonmetals
sharing e-
• Molecules that can be solid,
liquid, or gas
• Low melting and boiling
points
• Cannot conduct electricity
when dissolved in water
Properties of Ionic
Compounds
• Made up of (+) metallic ions and (-)
nonmetallic ions after metal transferred e-
to nonmetal
• Arranged in regular repeating
patterns called crystals,
therefore tend to be solids
• High melting and boiling points
• Can conduct electricity when dissolved in
water
How to determine the NAME for a
Covalent Compound
Formula  Name
1. Name first element with prefix to indicate
how many.
Exception: don’t use mono for “1” for 1st
element
2. Name second element with prefix to indicate
how many AND add an –ide ending.
Prefixes to Know:
mono – 1 hexa – 6
di – 2 hepta
–7
tri – 3 octa –
8
tetra – 4 nona
Example: Name the compound P2O5
–9
diphosphorous
penta – 5 pentoxide
deca – 10
Practice Time!
Write the name of the covalent compounds based
on the chemical formulas below.

1. CO2 Carbon dioxide


2. H2O Dihydrogen monoxide
3. CH4 Carbon tetrahydride
4. PCl3 Phosphorous trichloride

5. P4O10 Tetraphosphorous decaoxide


How to determine the Formula for a
Covalent Compound
Name  Formula

1. Use prefixes to determine subscripts.

NO CRISS CROSSES OR SIMPLIFYING IN


COVALENT!!!
Example: What is the formula for dichlorine
monoxide?
Cl2O
Practice Time!
Determine the chemical formula of the covalent
compounds based on the names below.

1. Dicarbon tetraoxide C2O4


2. Hydrogen monosulfide HS
3. Pentaphosphorous trinitride P5N 3
4. Sulfur pentoxide SO5
5. Silicon tetrafluoride SiF4

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