CIRCUITS
Electricity
Electricity can be made in a variety of ways, for
example:
Burning fossil Using wind power
fuels (oil, gas, generated by wind
coal) at power turbines
stations
Using water Using solar power
power generated by the sun
(sometimes
called
hydropower)
generated by
running or falling
Electricity is transported
water.
to our homes, schools and places
of work through wires and cables.
Circuits
Electrical circuits are built from many different
components. These components perform different
functions. Some electrical components include: cells,
bulbs, motors, buzzers and wires.
A cells converts chemical
energy into electrical
energy by a chemical
reaction. Usually the
chemicals are kept inside
the cell. It is used in a
circuit to power other +
components. A
cell produces direct
current (DC) electricity
(electricity that flows in
one direction, and does
Circuits
Lamps are commonly called light bulbs.
An electric lamp encloses a thin metal filament that emits
light (and heat) when an electric current is passed
through it. This filament is covered by a glass bulb
containing a gas, such as argon or nitrogen.
On
Off
Circuits
An electrical switch is used to interrupt the flow of
electrons in a circuit. Switches are either completely
on (closed) or completely off (open). Then the switch is
closes electricity is able to flow around the circuit.
Open – no electricity can flow Closed – electricity can flow
Circuits
A wire is a long thin piece of metal that is used to carry
electric current. Most wires often has an inner core
made of a material that conduct electricity and an outer
coating that is an insulator, often plastic.
Circuits
The motor in a machine is the part that uses electricity
or fuel to produce movement. E.g. it converts electrical
power into mechanical power.
M
A buzzer is an electrical device that creates a buzzing
sound when electricity passes through it.
IN ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS, RESISTORS ARE USED TO REDUCE CURRENT
FLOW, ADJUST SIGNAL LEVELS, TO DIVIDE VOLTAGES, BIAS ACTIVE
ELEMENTS, AND TERMINATE TRANSMISSION LINES, AMONG OTHER USES.
Circuits
Voltage: is the difference in A voltmeter is an instrument
electrical energy between two used for measuring electrical
parts of a circuit. It can be potential difference between
measured using a volt meter two points in an electric
and is measured in volts. The circuit.
V
bigger the voltage, the bigger
the current. Large electrical
items need a higher electrical
voltage and current than
smaller items
Current: this is the amount of An ammeter (from Ampere
electricity flowing through the Meter) is a measuring
circuit (basically a flow of instrument used to measure
electrons moving in a loop in the current in a circuit. Electric
the circuit). It can be currents are measured in
measured using an ammeter amperes (A), hence the
and measured in amps. name.
A
Match the symbol to the image
+
The electrons The electrons flow up the
have now wire inside the bulb and
travelled a across the filament. Here
complete the some of the electrical
circuit. energy changes to heat
and light energy.
Without a
complete circuit The then
the electrons continue to the
cannot flow. positive side
of the battery.
The electrons continue
down another small
wire inside the bulb
and to the conductive
side of the bulb. Here we can
see the
electrons
A circuit is a moving from
route in which the negative
electrical side of the
current can battery towards
Series Circuit
If a bulb is removed
the circuit will be
broken, as the
The current flows the electrons stop
same, from one flowing.
component to another.
When you plug in that second, third bulb, they will
become equally dim. More resistance has been
added to the circuit, which decreases the flow of
current, as the battery has more work to do.
Rank these circuits; starting with the brightest bulb and ending with the dullest
bulb. Give reasons for your answer.
In a parallel circuit the
bulbs will remain bright,
Parallel Circuit Components
connected
but it will drain the in parallel are
battery power quicker. connected along
multiple paths so
that the current
can split
up; the same
voltage is applied
to each
component.
If a bulb is removed the electrons will continue to flow, as each bulb has its own
circuit.
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