Black hole
Efforts by:-
Mahee Shetty-D069
Anika Shrivastava-D07
Parth Agrawal-D088
Devansh Poddar-D089
What is a Black hole?
• A black hole is a place in space where gravity pulls so
much that even light can not get out. The gravity is so
strong because matter has been squeezed into a tiny
space. This can happen when a star is dying.
• Black holes can be big or small. Scientists think the
smallest black holes are as small as just one atom.
These black holes are very tiny but have the mass of a
large mountain.
• Because no light can get out, people can’t see black
holes. They are invisible. Space telescopes with special
tools can help find black holes. The special tools can see
how stars that are very close to black holes act
How are Black Holes formed?
• Scientists think the smallest black holes formed when the universe began . Stellar
black holes are made when the center of a very big star falls in upon itself, or
collapses. When this happens, it causes a supernova. A supernova is an exploding
star that blasts part of the star into space. Scientists think supermassive black
holes were made at the same time as the galaxy they are in.
Types of Black Holes:-
Stellar black holes: Formed when the center of a massive star collapses
Supermassive black holes: Formed at the same time as the galaxy they
are
Collision of Black
Holes
When two black holes collide, they create gravitational waves
and merge into a single black hole. This is an extremely
violent event that releases a huge amount of energy. Ripples
in space and time that can be detected with extremely
sensitive instruments on Earth
• Gravitational waves: The collision creates ripples in space
and time. These waves can be detected by sensitive
instruments on Earth
Merger: The two black holes merge into a single, larger
black hole
Can Black Holes be seen?
• We can't directly see a black hole itself because it
absorbs all light, but we can detect its presence by
observing the effects its intense gravity has on
surrounding matter, like glowing accretion disks of
gas and dust that orbit around it, which emit light
across various wavelengths, allowing astronomers
to infer the black hole's location and characteristics;
essentially, we "see" the glow around the black
hole, not the black hole itself.
Supermassive Blackholes
• A supermassive black hole (SMBH) is a black hole that's millions
or billions of times the mass of the sun. They are the largest
type of black hole and are found in the center of most galaxies.
• Supermassive black holes are found at the center of most
galaxies, including the Milky Way. They play a key role in galaxy
evolution.
• TON 618 is the largest known black hole in the universe, with a
mass of 66 billion times the sun's mass.
Properties of Black Hole
• Black holes have several properties, including an
event horizon, singularity and accretion disk.
• Event horizon :-
• The boundary of a black hole that prevents anything
from escaping, including light
• The event horizon is what makes a black hole appear
black
Properties of Black Hole
• Singularity:-
• The point at the center of a black hole where matter
is compressed to an infinitely small point
•At the singularity, all conceptions of time and space
break down
Accretion disk:-
A flattened band of gas, dust, and other debris from a
star that has come close to a black hole
•The black hole's gravity accelerates the particles in
the accretion disk to tremendous speeds
Laser Interferometer
Gravitational-Wave Observatory
(LIGO)
• The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory
(LIGO) is a scientific facility that detects cosmic
gravitational waves. It's the world's largest gravitational
wave observatory.
• LIGO's purpose is to study the fundamental nature of
gravity.
• It's also used to develop gravitational-wave observations
as an astronomical tool.
• LIGO's observations will help us understand the universe
Thank You
