BIRTH CONTROL

How it Works
Its Advantages &
Disadvantages
 Birth Control Define

Birth control, also known as contraception, is the

practice of preventing unwanted pregnancies,
through the use of medicines, devices, or surgery.
 Natural methods
Natural methods of birth control don’t rely on products or medical procedures to
prevent pregnancy. They involve natural family planning options, fertility cycle tracking,
and sexual behavior practices.

Natural methods typically don’t have many side effects.

Abstinence
 Practicing abstinence as birth control means that you don’t take part in any sexual
activity that can lead to pregnancy. Abstinence is the only form of birth control
that’s 100% effective.

Withdrawal method
 Also known as the “pull-out method,” the withdrawal method involves removing the
penis from the vagina before ejaculation. This limits the chances of sperm reaching
an egg by reducing the amount of sperm in the vagina.
 Rhythm method

 Also known as calendar-based tracking, the rhythm method of birth control

involves tracking your menstrual cycles over time to help determine your
most and least fertile days. It’s considered one of the least effective
methods of birth control. This method also requires training along with the
use of a barrier method or intervals of abstinence.
Advantages & Disadvantages
Of Natural Method
 Hormonal Method
Hormonal methods of birth control use synthetic hormones that change your
menstrual cycle and internal reproductive environment. They can prevent
ovulation, change the thickness of your uterine lining, and thicken cervical
mucus, among other effects.

Hormonal birth control methods work by:

•Preventing the ovaries from releasing eggs
•Blocking sperm from entering the uterus by making the mucus in the cervix
thick and sticky
•Making it difficult for a fertilized egg to attach itself to the uterus by thinning
the uterus lining
 Implants

A hormonal implant is a small, flexible, rod-shaped device that your doctor

can insert under the skin of your upper arm. It releases hormones to prevent
pregnancy for up to 3 yearsTrusted Source. Implants have a high rate of
success at 99.5%.
 Oral contraceptives & Injection

Oral contraceptives
 Oral contraceptives are pills you take regularly that contain hormones such as estrogen
and progestin. They’re taken on a specific schedule, depending on type, and are around
91% effective at preventing pregnancy

Injections
 Contraceptive injections deliver the hormone progestin into your body
using a needle and syringe. An injection lasts for several months and has
a success rate of 94%Trusted Source.
 Emergency contraception

Emergency contraception refers to methods of

contraception that can be used to prevent pregnancy
after sexual intercourse. These are recommended for use
within 5 days but are more effective the sooner they are
used after the act of intercourse

Emergency contraceptive pills prevent pregnancy by

preventing or delaying ovulation
 Patch – Implants & Emergency
Contraception
Patches
 Patches deliver hormones through your skin into your bloodstream.
They have the same effectiveness as oral contraceptives, around
91%, but may be less effective in people with higher body weights.
 Vaginal ring
Like other types of hormonal birth control, vaginal rings are about 91%
effective. These flexible plastic rings are inserted into your vagina, where they
stay for several weeks, releasing hormones.
HOW DOES VAGINAL RING WORKS
Vaginal ring works by slowly releasing estrogen and progestin into
your body. You wear the ring inside your vagina and absorb the hormones
through your vaginal lining. Estrogen prevents ovulation, which means you
don’t release an egg for sperm to fertilize.
 Injections

Contraceptive injections deliver the hormone progestin

into your body using a needle and syringe. An injection
lasts for several months and has a success rate of
94%Trusted Source. The contraceptive injection works by
releasing the hormone progestogen into
the bloodstream, which has three effects.
 Preventing ovulation, so no egg is
released each month
 Thickening the cervical mucus, making
it difficult for sperm to enter the
womb
 Thinning the lining of the womb,
reducing the chances of a fertilized egg
implanting
 Advantages & Disadvantages of
Harmonal Method
Advantages Disadvantages
while hormonal birth control can help
In addition to preventing prevent pregnancy, it cannot prevent
pregnancy, hormonal sexually transmitted infctions (STIs).
contraceptives like the pill can
Other disadvantages
offer health benefits and help
improve conditions such as:  Headaches: altered hormone levels in the
• Irregular menstruation cycles body can cause headaches and migraines.
• Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)  Nausea: Some people experience mild nausea
• Dysmenorrhea (menstrual cramps) Bloating: The hormone estrogen can affect the
• Heavy or long periods kidneys and cause water retention. As a result,
• Anemia (low hemoglobin) the person may feel bloated or like they’ve
• gained weight.
Endometriosis
 Depression: People who have a history of
• Uterine fibroids
depression may feel low, depressed, or
• Acne
irritable, or experience mood swings.
• Migraines  Tenderness or swelling in the breasts: The
• Unwanted hair growth breasts may feel enlarged, tender, or swollen.
• Menopause-related hot flashes  Irregular menstrual bleeding: Many people
• Risk of uterine, ovarian, and colon experience cramps, spotting, or vaginal
cancer discharge in the first three months of going on
hormonal birth control.
 Barrier Method Contraception
Barrier contraception works by creating a physical barrier between sperm and egg
cells, preventing fertilization. Common forms of barrier methods include:
 Condoms (male and female)
 Diaphragms
 Cervical caps
 Contraceptive sponges
 Spermicides (foams, creams, and suppositories)
 Condoms

Male and female condoms use a thin, stretchy film made of latex
or other materials to block and contain sperm after ejaculation.
Male condoms are around 82% effective at preventing
pregnancies, while female condoms are around 79% effective.
 Diaphragm or cervical cap

Diaphragms and cervical caps are cup-shaped devices

that you insert into your vagina to cover your cervix,
preventing sperm from entering. Diaphragms are
considered more effective (88%) than cervical caps (77%).
HOW DOE DIAPHRAM & CERVICAL CAP WORKS
Diaphragms and cervical caps are vaginal barrier methods of birth control that prevent sperm
from entering the uterus and fallopian tubes
 Spermicides
 Spermicides chemical is a based substances that are toxic to sperm; they kill or
immobilize sperm on contact and are about 72% effective. comes in many forms,
including:

• Foams
• Gels
• Creams
• Vaginally inserted sponges

Stopping sperm
from reaching an
egg
Spermicides are a type of contr
aceptive that work by stopping
 Advantages & Disadvantages of
Barrier Method
• Advantages • Disadvantages
•Male condom Male condom
 Perfect use is rarely achieved – may tear or couple may
 It is the only contraceptive method mentioned
lack motivation to use them every time.
that is controlled by the male, which may be  Can reduce sensitivity and/or arousal.
desirable by the couple. Female condom
 Widely available and simple to use, and only  Perfect use is rarely achieved – may become dislodged or
couple may lack motivation to use them every time.
need to be used immediately before intercourse.  Penis may be inserted between condom and vaginal wall.
 Are protective against many STIs.  Can be noisy and/or uncomfortable for the woman during
intercourse.
•Female condom Diaphragm/cap
 Perfect use is rarely achieved – may tear or couple may
 No contraindications.
lack motivation to use them every time.
 Less likely to tear than the male condom.  They require prior planning and careful insertion.
 May protect against some STIs.  They require measuring and fitting to find the correct size
 Can be inserted up to 8 hours before intercourse. – any weight gain or pregnancy mandates a refitting.
 They are associated with a higher risk of urinary tract
infections.
•Diaphragm/cap  Most likely due to the position of the diaphragm/cap
 Can be inserted up to 3 hours before intercourse. putting pressure on the urethra.
 STI transmission is not reduced – in fact spermicide may
irritate vaginal mucosa, possibly increasing the rate of
transmission.