ELEC

RT # 2 3

T
RACK
EL EC TR I C AL L E AKAG E C U R R E NT
S AF E TY D E TE C T O R W I TH
M O NI T O R I NG A ND WAR NI NG
S YS TE M
AQ U I N O , M I RA N DA , D O L LO S A ,
H I L A R I O , VA L E N C I A
12-STEM 3
BACKGROUND OF THE
STUDY
• ELECTRICAL SAFETY IS A MAJOR CONCERN IN HOMES &
BUSINESSES.
• LEAKAGE CURRENTS POSE RISKS OF ELECTRIC SHOCKS &
ACCIDENTS.
• TRADITIONAL METHODS REQUIRE MANUAL LABOR & MAY FAIL
TO DETECT SMALL LEAKS.
• ELECTRACK SYSTEM OFFERS REAL-TIME MONITORING &
WARNINGS.
• USES MODERN SENSORS & DATA ANALYSIS FOR BETTER
DETECTION.
 FRAMEWORK OF THE
STUDY
• THEORY: ELECTRICAL SAFETY AND IOT-BASED MONITORING (CLARK & DAVIS, 2020)
• Paradigm of the study: The study investigates the electrical leakage safety detector
with built in monitoring and warning system (Independent Variable) and its accuracy
and detection time of the leakage current detector (Dependent Variable).

Independent Variable dependent Variable

LEAKAGE
THE ELECTRICAL CURRENT
LEAKAGE SAFETY DETECTOR
DETECTOR WITH
B U I LT I N • DETECTION
MONITORING AND TIME
WA R N I N G S Y S T E M • ACCURACY
TIME
 STATEMENT OF THE
PROBLEM
AND HYPOTHESIS
THE PRIMARY PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO USE A DETECTOR-BASED CURRENT SENSOR TO DETERMINE THE
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE MONITORING AND WARNING SYSTEM IN REGARDS TO LEVEL OF THE ELECTRICAL CURRENT.
Specifi cally, this study aims to answer the following questions:

1.What is the accuracy of the Electrical Leakage Detector with Monitoring and
Warning System in identifying and assessing leakage situations?
2.What is the detection rate of the Electrical Leakage Detector with Monitoring
and Warning System compared to the traditional leakage detector?

Based on the statement of the problem stated above, the following hypothesis are to be tested:

1.The Electrical Leakage Detector with Monitoring and Warning System is not
accurate in identifying and assessing leakage situations.
2.The detection rate of the Electrical Leakage Detector with Monitoring and
Warning System has no signifi cant diff erence to that of traditional leakage
detectors.
 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE
STUDY
THE PRIMARY PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DEVELOP AND TEST A DETECTOR-BASED CURRENT
SENSOR TO DETERMINE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE MONITORING AND WARNING SYSTEM IN
REGARDS TO LEVEL OF THE ELECTRICAL CURRENT.

• HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS: PROVIDES REAL-TIME ELECTRICAL

SAFETY MONITORING.
• Electrical Engineers: Off ers data-driven insights for system
improvements.
• Department of Energy & DOST: Supports advancements in
electrical safety technology.
• Future Researchers: Provides groundwork for further
development of smart electrical safety systems.
 DELIMITATION OF THE
STUDY
• CONDUCTED AT REGIONAL SCIENCE HIGH
SCHOOL.
• Focused on leakage detection accuracy.
• Completely Randomized Design (CRD).
• Blynk iot app used for monitoring.
• Routine tests simulated leakage currents.
• IoT integration for mobile alerts.
• Paired t-test for data analysis.
 REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE
ELECTRICAL LEAKAGE CURRENT, THE UNINTENDED FLOW OF ELECTRIC CHARGE OUTSIDE DESIGNATED
CONDUCTIVE PATHWAYS, IS A CHALLENGE IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND SAFETY. IT IS AN ISSUE IN
RESIDENTIAL, COMMERCIAL, AND INDUSTRIAL POWER SYSTEMS, RESULTING IN ELECTRICAL HAZARDS,
ENERGY INEFFICIENCIES, AND POTENTIAL EQUIPMENT FAILURES. AS MODERN ELECTRICAL
INFRASTRUCTURE EVOLVES, THE NEED FOR BETTER MONITORING AND MITIGATION TECHNIQUES HAS
BECOME PARAMOUNT. PRIOR RESEARCH HAS EXPLORED THE CRITICAL ROLE OF GROUNDING, INSULATION
INTEGRITY, AND ADVANCED SENSING TECHNOLOGIES IN ADDRESSING THIS PHENOMENON. (CLARK & DAVIS,
2020; GREEN & BROWN, 2022)

IOT-INTEGRATED SENSORS, IN PARTICULAR, HAVE DEMONSTRATED REMARKABLE EFFICACY IN MITIGATING

ELECTRICAL HAZARDS BY AUTOMATING LEAKAGE CURRENT DETECTION AND ALERTING SYSTEM OPERATORS
IN REAL TIME (IOT FACTORY, 2023).THESE TECHNOLOGIES FACILITATE THE CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT OF
ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS, ENABLING EARLY IDENTIFICATION OF CHANGES FROM CURRENT FLOW PATTERNS.

CLOUD-BASED SYSTEMS PLAYS A KEY ROLE IN MONITORING ELECTRICAL SAFETY, IT ALLOW DATA FROM IOT
SENSORS TO BE STORED AND ANALYZED REMOTELY, PROVIDING A CONVENIENT WAY FOR HOMEOWNERS
AND MAINTENANCE PERSONNEL TO TRACK ELECTRICAL SYSTEM PERFORMANCE. WHITE AND BLACK (2023)
EXPLAIN THAT CLOUD-BASED MONITORING ENABLES REAL-TIME ALERTS TO BE SENT TO USERS, GIVING
THEM THE INFORMATION THEY NEED TO TAKE IMMEDIATE ACTION IF AN ELECTRICAL ANOMALY IS DETECTED
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Experimental Research Design
• COMPLETELY RANDOMIZED EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DESIGN.
• INDEPENDENT T-TEST TO COMPARE LEAKAGE CURRENT READINGS UNDER
GROUNDED AND NON-GROUNDED CONDITIONS,

Data Collecting tool and technique

• THE BLYNK MOBILE APP, ARDUINO CODE, AND DIRECT OBSERVATION WERE USED
TO GATHER DATA. WHILE THE BLYNK MOBILE APP SHOWS SENSOR DATA REMOTELY,
LEAKAGE CURRENT DETECTION IN REAL TIME IS TRACKED USING THE DIRECT
OBSERVATION APPROACH. SENSOR READINGS ARE THEN PROCESSED AND
INTERPRETED BY ARDUINO CODE, GUARANTEEING PRECISE DATA COLLECTION FOR
ANALYSIS.
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
ReseARCH gathering procedure
• THE BLYNK MOBILE APP, ARDUINO CODE, AND DIRECT OBSERVATION ARE THE METHODS USED IN THIS
STUDY TO GATHER DATA
• THE ELECTRACK SYSTEM IS AN IOT-BASED ELECTRICAL LEAKAGE MONITORING SOLUTION THAT COMBINES
NODEMCU (ESP8266) AND ARDUINO UNO WITH A ZMCT103C CURRENT SENSOR FOR INSTANT LEAKAGE
CURRENT SENSING. THE SYSTEM SENDS DATA TO THE BLYNK IOT APPLICATION PLATFORM, ENABLING USERS
TO REMOTELY VIEW ELECTRICAL CONDITIONS ON A SMARTPHONE
• THE TESTING PROCESS BEGAN WITH THE INTEGRATION OF KEY COMPONENTS, INCLUDING THE ZMCT103C
CURRENT SENSOR, NODEMCU (ESP8266), AND ARDUINO UNO, INTO A CIRCUIT CAPABLE OF REAL-TIME
LEAKAGE CURRENT MONITORING. DATA WAS TRANSMITTED TO THE BLYNK MOBILE APPLICATION FOR
REMOTE ACCESS
• A USER-FRIENDLY INTERFACE WAS DEVELOPED, FEATURING A DISPLAY PANEL THAT SHOWED REAL-TIME
MEASUREMENTS, SYSTEM STATUS, AND ALERTS. THE CONTROL INTERFACE ALLOWED USERS TO SET LEAKAGE
CURRENT THRESHOLDS, CALIBRATE THE SYSTEM, AND ACCESS HISTORICAL DATA, PROVIDING AN INTUITIVE
WAY TO MANAGE THE SYSTEM’S FUNCTIONS

Statistical Data analysis

• T-TEST
• MS EXCEL
RESULTS & DISCUSSION
INTERPRETATIO
THE TABLE PRESENTS THE ACCURACY ANALYSIS OF VOLTAGE
N: BETWEEN GROUNDED AND NON-GROUNDED
MEASUREMENTS
CONDITIONS. IT INCLUDES FIVE COLUMNS: SAMPLE NUMBER,
GROUNDED VALUE (V), NON-GROUNDED VALUE (V), ABSOLUTE ERROR,
AND ACCURACY (%). THE GROUNDED VALUES REPRESENT VOLTAGE
READINGS WHEN PROPER GROUNDING IS APPLIED, WHILE THE NON-
GROUNDED VALUES INDICATE VOLTAGE READINGS WITHOUT
GROUNDING. THE ABSOLUTE ERROR IS CALCULATED AS THE
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THESE TWO VALUES, HIGHLIGHTING THE
DEVIATION IN MEASUREMENTS. THE ACCURACY PERCENTAGE IS
DETERMINED BY COMPARING THE NON-GROUNDED VALUES TO THE
GROUNDED VALUES, SHOWING HOW MUCH THE MEASUREMENTS
DEVIATE FROM THE EXPECTED GROUNDED READINGS.

The analysis reveals that the system is capable of detecting large

leakage currents, as indicated by the significant deviation between
grounded and non-grounded values. However, the system struggles to
detect small leakage currents, as minor differences in voltage do not
register as effectively. This suggests that while the device is effective
in identifying severe electrical leakage, it may require further
 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS,
RECOMMENDATIONS
Questions Findings Conclusion
What is the accuracy of the The ELECTRACK system The ELECTRACK Electrical Leakage
Electrical Leakage Detector provided highly accurate Safety Detector provides a real-
with Monitoring and readings, with a negative time monitoring and warning
Warning System in accuracy of 27.08%, which system capable of detecting
identifying and assessing means that the system is electrical leakages, particularly
leakage situations? well calibrated, but needs significant faults that pose safety
sensitivity adjustments to hazards. The system effectively
improve the detection of differentiates between grounded
smaller anomalies. and non-grounded conditions,
confirming that grounding plays a
crucial role in maintaining stable
electrical readings. The statistical
analysis using a t-test
demonstrated a clear and
significant difference between the
 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS,
RECOMMENDATIONS
Questions Findings Conclusion
What is the detection rate The ELECTRACK system has While the device is highly effective
of the Electrical Leakage a better detection rate than in detecting large leakages, it
Detector with Monitoring traditional leakage exhibits limitations in identifying
and Warning System detectors, and can detect small leakage currents. The
large leakage currents with accuracy analysis suggests that
compared to the
ease. However the system refinements in sensor calibration
traditional leakage
struggles to detect minor and threshold sensitivity are
detector?
electrical leakeges. necessary to enhance detection
reliability. Despite this limitation,
the ELECTRACK system presents a
cost-effective and accessible
solution for improving electrical
safety in residential and commercial
settings. Future improvements in
sensor precision and real-time data
 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS,
RECOMMENDATIONS
RECOMMENDATIONS
TO ENHANCE THE PERFORMANCE OF THE ELECTRACK SYSTEM, SEVERAL
IMPROVEMENTS ARE RECOMMENDED. F I R S T, THE SYSTEM SHOULD
U N D E R G O F U R T H E R C A L I B R AT I O N A D J U S T M E N T S T O I M P R O V E S E N S I T I V I T Y,
A L L O W I N G I T T O D E T E C T S M A L L L E A K A G E C U R R E N T S M O R E A C C U R AT E LY.
I N T E G R AT I N G A D D I T I O N A L H I G H - P R E C I S I O N S E N S O R S , S U C H A S A D VA N C E D
H A L L E F F E C T S E N S O R S , C O U L D E N H A N C E D E T E C T I O N C A PA B I L I T I E S A N D
M I N I M I Z E E R R O R S . A D D I T I O N A L LY, R E F I N E M E N T S I N T H E T H R E S H O L D
S E T T I N G S S H O U L D B E I M P L E M E N T E D T O R E D U C E FA L S E N E G AT I V E S ,
ENSURING T H AT BOTH MINOR AND MAJOR LEAKAGES TRIGGER
A P P R O P R I AT E W A R N I N G S . I M P R O V I N G T H E S A M P L I N G R AT E A N D D ATA
P R O C E SS I N G T H R O U G H M A C H I N E L E A R N I N G A L G O R I T H M S C O U L D F U RT H E R
REFINE THE SYSTEM’S ABILITY TO D I F F E R E N T I AT E BETWEEN SAFE
F L U C T U AT I O N S AND HAZARDOUS LEAKAGES, INCREASING L O N G -T E R M
R E L I A B I L I T Y.
 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS,
RECOMMENDATIONS
RECOMMENDATIONS
MOREOVER , CONDUCTING TESTS IN DIVERSE E N V I R O N M E N TA L
CONDITIONS, IN C LUDIN G DIFFERENT GROUNDING M AT E R I A L S ,
H U M I D I T Y L E V E L S , A N D E L E C T R I C A L L O A D VA R I AT I O N S , W I L L H E L P
A SS E SS THE SYSTEM’S A D A P TA B I L I T Y AND C O N S I S T E N C Y.
IM P L E M E N T I N G C LO UD - BA S E D M O N IT O R IN G W O UL D A L S O P R OV IDE
U S E R S W I T H L O N G -T E R M L E A K A G E D ATA S T O R A G E , A L L O W I N G F O R
TREND A N A LY S I S AND PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE TO PREVENT
POTENTIAL ELECTRICAL HAZARDS BEFORE THEY E S C A L AT E . BY
A D D R E SS I N G T H E S E I M P R OV E M E N T S , T H E E L E C T R A C K S Y S T E M C A N
BECOME A MORE EFFECTIVE AND RELIABLE TOOL FOR ENSURING
ELECTRICAL SAFETY IN BOTH RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL
SETTINGS.
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