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Prepared by:
Nocum, Andrea Denise
Perreras, Ericca Louise
Rosano, Mary Irish
Sarvida, Virgilio
Vitor, Christian
 WHAT IS GLASS?
▪ A material made from liquid sand.
▪ It is the name given to any amorphous
solid that displays a glass transition near
its melting point (around 1,700°C).
▪ It is a very commonly used material
because while it is still molten, it can be
manipulated into forms suitable for a very
wide range of uses (e.g. packaging and
household objects to car windscreens,
glazing and so on).
 Glazing
▪ The term 'glazing' refers to the glass
component of building's façade or internal
surfaces. Historically, the installation of
glazing was generally undertaken by a
specialist glazier.
▪ Refers to the panels that are fixed into the
aluminum or other types of frames to curtain
wall construction. Commonly, there are various
techniques which can be used in the
construction or placement of glazing panels;
glaze panels might be glass or other materials.
 Glass vs. Glazing

Glass is (lb) an amorphous solid, often

transparent substance made by melting sand
with a mixture of soda, potash and lime.
Glazing is the part of a window or wall made of
glass or another transparent material.
TYPES OF GLAZING
 Types of Glazing
SINGLE GLASS GLAZING
Single glazed glass windows are made up
one layer of glass and for a long time was the
only viable glazing option available. However
single glass glazing has dwindled in popularity.
Moreover, they also let in the highest heat loss
and are unable to keep out cold, depending on
the climatic conditions, while also allowing for
the highest daylight transmission.
 Types of Glazing
DOUBLE GLASS GLAZING

Double glazing windows are made up of

two panes of glass and can help with insulation
as well noise reduction. They also help retain
heat and keep out the cold more effectively
and efficiently. This, in turn, results in more
energy savings which in turn helps in lowering
the environmental impact while also leaving a
smaller carbon footprint.
 Types of Glazing

TRIPLE GLASS GLAZING

Triple glazing simply means using

three panes of glass instead of a single
pane or a double pane and the extra
pane helps in increasing efficiency while
reducing noise transmission.
OTHER TYPES OF
GLAZING
 Other Types of Glazing
ANNEALED GLASS

During the manufacturing process, annealed

glass is slowly cooled and left to rest. At this
temperature, it’s too hard to manipulate yet
soft enough for stress points to melt away. As
a result, the glass becomes resistant to
shattering and mechanical shock during
installation.
Other Types of Glazing
ANNEALED GLASS
 Other Types of Glazing
TEMPERED GLASS

Tempered glass is similar to annealed

glass however tempered glass goes
through another stage of heating for
additional strength. Tempered glass
shatters into tiny pieces when it breaks,
as opposed to the large jagged
fragments of annealed glass.
Other Types of Glazing
TEMPERED GLASS
 Other Types of Glazing
LOW-EMISSIVITY GLASS

The main property of low-emissivity glass

(or low-e glass) is that it reflects more heat
than ordinary glass thanks to a thin coating of
metal, which bounces the sun’s rays back.
Therefore, its perfect if you want to better
control the interior temperature of your
property.
 Other Types of Glazing
LOW-EMISSIVITY GLASS

There are two types of low-e glass

available; passive and solar control.
Passive is designed to keep heat in
during winter, while solar-control keeps
heat out during summer. Double-glazed
low-e windows perform both functions.
Other Types of Glazing
LOW-EMISSIVITY GLASS
 Other Types of Glazing
FROSTED GLASS
Frosted or misted glass brings about more
privacy, greater security, and an elegant look.
This is because it features tiny bumps that
diffuse light rays and obscure objects behind
the glass. However, frosted glass still allows
for an abundance of natural yet softer light.
Other Types of Glazing
FROSTED GLASS
GLAZING METHODS
 Glazing Methods
DRY GLAZED
▪ In this approach, compression stresses are
applied to fix metal panels or glass units into
the glazing pocket of the frames. The
necessary compression force can be obtained
using rubber gaskets and occasionally
structural tapes.
▪ Generally, the rubber gasket, which is
compressed in advance, are placed on either
side of the glazed element, and panels may be
glazed from the exterior or interior based on
the system.
 Curtain Wall, Glaze Panels are Fixed into Dry Glazed
Frames

Dry Glazed System with

Rubber Gasket used in
the Oldcastle Building,
United States
 Glazing Methods
WET GLAZED
▪ In this technique, the infill element is
placed and attached to the frame using
proper attaching agents such as silicone
sealant. The sealant application process
should be conducted properly otherwise the
attachment agent would not work suitably.
▪ Structural silicone glazing as shown in
figure-4 is a particular kind of wet glazed
utilization that need utmost attention and
observation of the sealant.
Structural Silicone Glazing
Fig. 5: Structural Silicone
Glazing
 Glazing Methods

POINT SUPPORTED GLASS SYSTEMS

▪ This system has been used since 1960s and it

has undergone some development but its
basics remain the same. It consists of
strengthened or tempered glass through which
holes are provided to attach it to the structure
using proper means such as bolted fittings.
 Various Configuration of Point
Supported Glass Systems

Fitting in the Point Supported Glass System

 Glazing Methods
POINT
SUPPORTED
GLASS SYSTEMS
It can be observed form these
figures that the fittings cause
smallest obstruction of views
due to their small sizes. The
glass is commonly tempered by
exposing it to high degree of
temperature during its
processing. This will reduce
possible damages during its life
service.
 Glazing Methods
CABLE NET

▪ Cable is another type of glazing panel construction

that provide substantial views. It is an elegant glazing
panels that does not need framing but it could be
costly and expensive.
▪ Due to the effect on loading on the panels, not only
does cable net structural analysis is required to be
carry out accurately but also construction works need
massive coordination.
Glazing Methods
CABLE NET
 Glazing Methods
DOUBLE SKIN WALL

▪ Double skin wall construction is quite

complex and consist of two skin of glass or
façade, and the space between the facades is
employed to manipulate energy comes from
sunlight and ventilation are installed that
employs the warm air in the space between
glass walls.
Glazing Methods
DOUBLE SKIN WALL
 AVERAGE
GLAZING WORK
PRICES IN THE
PHILIPPHINES
HISTORY OF GLASS
 History of glass
The use of glass itself goes back to
our earliest history, where obsidian
was used to make spear tips. The
existence of manmade glass can be
traced back to 4000 BC, where it was
used as glazing for stone beads. The
first glass container is believed to
have been made around 1500 BC.
 History of glass
GLASS BLOWING
The most popular way to make glass containers
in 100 BC.
 History of glass
The glass
produced during this
century was poorly
suited for window
applications because
the impurities in the
raw materials made
it densely colored.
 History of glass

ROMAN DOMINATION

It wasn’t until the fall of the

Roman Empire that the skill
became accessible to wider
Europe and the Middle East.
History of glass in Windows
WINDOW
▪ The word ‘window’ originates from
the Old Norse for ‘wind eye’ and the
use of the word ‘window’ first
appeared in the 13th century.

▪ The earliest windows were very

different from those of today.
History of glass in Windows
WINDOW
The first use of the
word itself referred to an
unglazed hole in a roof
and early versions of the
window were simply a
hole in the wall that
provided little protection
against the elements.
History of glass in Windows
▪ The Romans were the first to
experiment with glass in their
windows.

▪ As the trend for glass windows

spread, craftsmen began to develop
glass that was clearer and better
“Glazed windows were for many years a status
shaped. symbol.”
History of glass in Windows

▪ When glass was discovered in

Roman-occupied Egypt, it wasn’t only
used for decoration but to form small
panes that were then set into those
openings.

▪ When Rome occupied Britain, they

brought glass making with them.
 History of glass in Windows
England (16th Century)
Most windows
were of stone or
timber construction
with unglazed
openings that could
be covered in various
ways: oiled cloth,
paper, shutters, or
even thin sheets of
horn.
 History of glass in Windows
England (16th Century)
▪ Glazed windows were reserved for those buildings
of the highest stature, and they were generally small
panes of glass set in lead strip latticework.
▪ With the 16th century came the Tudor dynasty and
a greater degree of prosperity.
▪ Windows became larger, and more prosperous
households used window size and extravagance as a
means of displaying their wealth.
▪ While glazed windows were still rare in smaller,
more humble homes, their use was definitely on the
rise.
 History of glass in Windows
England (17th Century)
▪ Windows became taller
than they were wide and
were often divided into
four by a mullion and
transom.
▪ As timber frames came
into fashion, the mullion
and transom became
narrower and glazing was
placed near allowing for
larger glazed areas with
less visible frames.
History of glass in Windows
England (17th Century)

The sash window

was also
introduced in the
17th century as a
result of the
introduction of
crown glass.
History of glass in Windows
England (17th Century)
Sash design evolved,
over the 18th century,
glazing bars became
thinner, and window
size became more
standardized, with the
six over six being the
most common
arrangement.
History of glass in Windows
England (19th Century)
In 1834, a cylinder sheet process
for glass-making was imported from
Germany. Britain was able to produce
higher quality glass in larger sheets far
less expensively than previously-used
methods. People, by then, could afford
to have windows in their homes. This
included opaque glass which was
primarily patterned and produced by
History of glass in Windows
England (19th Century)
TWO WINDOW STYLES:

Arts & Crafts

Queen Ann
History of glass in Windows
England (19th Century)

Arts and
Crafts brought
with it a
return to
leaded lights
set in timber
or stone
History of glass in Windows
England (19th Century)
Queen Ann
favoured sash
windows painted
white, usually with
the bottom sash
being single paned
whilst the upper
sash featured
several smaller
History of glass in Windows
England (20th Century)
In 1903, laminated glass was
introduced, which greatly
increased safety and allowed for
wider use of much larger panes of
glass. Laminated glass could also
be glazed as a single sheet,
without the need for glazing bars.
Pilkington manufacturing process
1. Raw materials (clear sand, calcium oxide, sodium
carbonate) are weighed and mixed proportionally
along with the addition of admixtures.

2. The mixture is heated in a gas-fired furnace or

electric smelter, pot furnace or kiln.

3. Molten glass is formed at around 1,700°C and is

floated on molten tin to form glass of the desired
thickness.
4. The glass is cooled, the precise process determining
its overall strength.
CHARACTERISTICS
OF GLASS
 Characteristics of Glass

HARDNESS & WEATHER RESISTANCE INSULATION

BRITTLENESS
It can withstand the An excellent insulator
It is a hard material as effect of rain, sun and against heat,
it has greater impact wind. It can absorb, electricity and
resistance against reflect, refract light. It electromagnetic
applied load. But at has greater radiation. Has a good
the same time it is dimensional stability insulating response
brittle material as its as it has low thermal against visible light
breaks immediately expansion value. transmission.
when subjected to
load.
 Characteristics of Glass

CHEMICAL RESISTANCE COLOR & SHAPE PROPERTY

VARIETIES MODIFICATION

It has excellent
resistance to most
chemicals, including It can be blown, drawn It is also possible to
solutions of inorganic and pressed to any change some of its
alkalis and acids, such colour, shape, and properties to suit
as ammonia and varieties. different purposes.
sulfuric acid.
 SURFACE
MODIFICATION
PROCESS OF GLASS
 Surface Modification Process of
Glass
ANTI-FOGG COATING ANTI-REFLECTIVE CHEMICALLY
COATING STRENGTHENED GLASS

Chemicals which Coating applied to the

prevent the surface of lenses and It is a type of glass
condensation of water other optical elements that has increased
in the form of small to reduce reflection. In strength due to post-
droplets on a surface typical imaging production chemical
which resemble fog. systems, this improves process.
the efficiency since
less light is due to
reflection.
 Surface Modification Process of
Glass
ANTI-CORROSION DEALKALIZATION HYDROGEN
COATING COATING DARKENING LAYER

Surface modification
applicable to glasses
A type of coating containing alkali ions. It is a chemical
applied to increase the It commonly alters the process that interferes
glass’ resistance to observed properties of with the passage of
water. the surface, most light.
notably enhancing
corrosion resistance.
Surface Modification Process of
Glass
INSULATED COATING SAND BLASTING OR LOW EMISSIVITY
OR DOUBLE GLAZING ACID ETCHING COATING
OR DOUBLE PANE PROCESS

The process of forcibly

propelling a steam of
For heat and sound abrasive material The process of
insulation. against a surface reducing heat transfer
under high pressure to in glass.
smoothen a rough
surface and vice versa,
shape a surface or
remove surface
contaminants.
Surface Modification Process of
Glass
PYROLYTIC COATING SELF-CLEANING SANDWICHABLE FILM
COATING OR SMART FILM
COATING

Coating for excellent Divided into two

performance. Also categories namely:
known as “on line” or hydrophobic and It alters the light
“hard coatings”. hydrophilic. transmission property
when voltage, light or
It helps keep the heat is applied.
surface of the glass
free of dirt and grime.
Surface Modification Process of
Glass
WATER-REPELLENT
COATING

It is a very
hydrophobic coating
film that is usually
baked into the factory-
fitted glass on the
front, rear, and side
windows of a vehicle
to maintain proper
visibility in wet
weather.
PROPERTIES OF
GLASS
 Properties of Glass
The composition of glass and the
cooling rate can be varied to give a range of
properties depending on the end use
required.
Visual transparency
and reflectance can be
altered with the Solar and optical Long wave infrared
addition of admixtures properties can be optical properties can
to the initial batch controlled to transmit, be varied to affect
mix. Glass can be absorb or reflect emissivity, for
transparent, specific wavelengths example, to create
translucent, tinted, of the solar spectrum. low-e glass.
reflective, stained,
opaque, etc.
 Properties of Glass
The composition of glass and the
cooling rate can be varied to give a range of
properties depending on the end use
required.
Strength can be
U value can be altered altered with laminates Glass can be worked in
by the R-value of and admixtures that many different ways,
layers of glass and increase the ability from blowing, drawing
their surface heat of glass to resist and pressing
transfers. deformation, shearing to welding.
or shattering under
[Link].
Glass is 100%
Most Common Uses of Glass
Container Glass
Flat Glass
Glass Fibre
Scientific Hollow Glass
Domestic Glassware
Glass Beads
COMPOSITION OF
GLASS
Composition of Glass
Sand Soda-Ash
Composition of Glass
Limestone Dolomite
Composition of Glass
Feldspar Sodium Sulfate
 Composition of Glass
These substances are themselves compounds of various
elements and a chemical analysis shows that flat glass is made up
from the following materials, used in various proportions:

Silica – 71.0 to 78.0%

Alumina – 0.5 to 1.5%
Iron Oxide – 0.05 to 0.15%
Calcium Oxide – 5.0 to 10.0%
Magnesium Oxide – 2.0 to 5.0%
Sodium Oxide – 13.0 to 16.0%
Potassium Oxide – 0.0 to 1.0%
Sulfur Trioxide – 0.0 to 0.5%
TYPES OF GLASS
 Glass Types
Float Glass Reflective Glass
Annealed Glass Tinted Glass
Heat Strengthened Glass Wired Glass
Fully Tempered Glass Patterned Glass
Heat Soaked Tempered Glass Bricks
Glass Glass
Laminated Low-emissivity (Low-E)
Insulating Glass Glass Glass
Self-cleaning
 Glass Types:
Float Glass
This is named after
the modern process
used to create large,
thin, flat panels from
molten glass which is
floated onto a pool of
molten metal such as
tin. This process
produces a very smooth
sheet of glass with a
highly consistent
thickness.
TYPES OF FLOAT
GLASS
 Glass Types:
Annealed Glass
This is a piece
of float glass that has
been cooled in a slow
and controlled manner.
The internal stresses
within the sheet of glass
are reduced by this
process making the
resulting glass stronger
and less likely to break
than it would otherwise
be.
 Glass Types:
Annealed Glass

Properties:
▪ High light
transmission
▪ Optical clarity
▪ Can be processed to
produce other glass
types such as tempered,
laminated and
insulating.
 Glass Types:
Tinted Glass
Manufactured by
adding a dye at the
molten glass stage. It is
used to minimize solar
heat gain and glare while
it absorbs heat. It also
allows for increased
control of comfort and
energy usage.
 Glass Types:
Clear Glass
It is clear and
transparent annealed
glass. It usually has a
natural greenish hue or
color and is often used
in doors, windows, solar
applications, shelves,
etc. It is also used for
further processing to
other glass types.
 Glass Types:
Patterned Glass
This is most often
used as
a fire resistant glass beca
use the wire holds
the glass in place if
high temperature causes
it to break. The wire mesh
is better at
holding glass in place tha
n the PVB films used
in laminated glass.
 Glass Types:
Wired Glass
This is mostoften
used as
a fire resistant glass beca
use the wire holds
the glass in place if
high temperature causes
it to break. The wire mesh
is better at
holding glass in place tha
n the PVB films used
in laminated glass.
 Glass Types:
Extra Clear Glass
A high quality glass
which is free from
impurities such as iron. It
is often used for making
table tops, in the
showroom of jewelry
items, watches, crystal
ware items, fine fabrics
and art wares items for a
sparkling display.
 TYPES OF
PROCESSED GLASS
 Glass Types:
Laminated Glass

Also known as
“heat proof glass” ,
“bulletproof glass” or
“safety glass”.
It is made by
sandwiching a layer of
polyvinyl butyral
between two or more
layers of glass.
 Glass Types:
Laminated Glass
Laminated glass
is used in skylight
glazing and
automobile
windshields. It is also
used in exterior
curtain walls and
windows, balustrades,
guardrails, etc.
 Glass Types:
Laminated Glass
 Glass Types:
Tempered Glass
Also known as
“toughened glass”. It is a
strong glass which is heated
to a uniform temperature and
rapidly cooled to increase the
strength.
It is often used in
commercial applications
where wind, snow or thermal
loads exceed. These can be
seen as escalator side panels,
handrails, viewing partitions,
etc.
 Glass Types:
Heat Strengthened Glass
It is processed with
heat treatment for
durability and safety
reasons. Its mechanical
strength is twice that of
normal annealed glass
and half of fully
tempered glass.
It is often used for
structural glazing as
they safeguard against
thermal breakages.
 Glass Types:
Heat Strengthened Glass
 Glass Types:
Reflective Glass
Also called
“mirror glass”. A
coating of metal oxide
is applied to one side
of the clear or body
tinted glass in order
to increase the
amount of reflection.
It is used in office
and high rise building
doors and windows for
 Glass Types:
Reflective Glass
Properties:
▪ Increased aesthetic
appeal.
▪ Gives enormous
flexibility in designing the
exterior due to availability
of number of colors and
shades.
▪ Facilitates energy
savings through reduction
in interior solar heat gain
and cost reduction in the
cost of heating and
 Glass Types:
Insulating Glass
It is moisture proof.
Factory assembled unit
consisting of two or more
panes of glass separated
by air spaces which
provide excellent thermal
and sound insulation
properties.
These are often used
in environments that need
regulated atmosphere and
prevention of
condensation.
 Glass Types:
Insulating Glass
 Glass Types:
Ceramic Printed Glass
Also known as “silk-
screened glass” because
of its appearance. It is
mostly used when it is
important to mask a part
or whole of glass for
privacy.
It is often used for
curtain walls, shower
installations, glass doors,
spandrels and partitions,
etc.
 Glass Types:
Lacquered Glass
Also known as “back
painted glass” because it is
obtained by painting the back
surface of the glass with high
quality paint.
These are often used in
architectural spandrels,
contemporary cupboards,
furniture, kitchen countertops,
backsplashes, etc.
 Glass Types:
Frosted Glass
It has a translucent
or obscure surface. One
surface of the glass is
etched and has a rough
finish.
It is often used as a
decorative glass where
privacy is required such
as shower cubicles,
conference rooms, office
partitions, windows and
doors of bedrooms,
dressing rooms, etc.
TYPES OF GLASS
BASED ON
PRINCIPAL
CONSTITUENT
(SILICA)
 Glass Types:

Nowadays glass has become versatile material

to meet many special requirements in
engineering. Properties of glass are suitably
changed by changing the chemical composition
of principal constituents and adding few more
ingredients.
 Glass Types:
Soda Lime Glass
Also known as
“soda ash glass”. It is
obtained from the
fusion of a mixture of
silica, lime, soda and
alumina.
It is widely used
for glazing of doors,
windows, and for
making ordinary glass
wares.
 Glass Types:
Potash Lead Glass
Also known as
“flint glass” or simply
“lead glass”. It is
obtained from the
fusion of a mixture of
silica, lead, and
potash.
It is used for high
quality decorative
glassware, cut glass,
bulbs, lenses, prisms.
 Glass Types:
Borosilicate Glass
Also known as
“Pyrex glass”. It is
obtained from the fusion
of silica, borax, lime,
and feldspar.
It is used for
making laboratory
equipment and cooking
utensil since it can
withstand high
temperature.
 Glass Types:
Potash Lime Glass
It is also known
as “hard glass” or
“bohemian glass”. It is
similar to soda lime
glass except that soda
is replaced by potash.
It is used for
making laboratory
apparatus and
combustion tubes.
 Glass Types:
Common Glass
Also known as
“bottle glass” and is
prepared from cheap
raw materials like
sodium silicate,
silicate and calcium
silicate.
It is mainly used
in the manufacture
of household and
medicine bottles.
TYPES OF HIGH
PERFORMANCE
GLASS
 Glass Types:
Solar Control Glass
It is a special oxide
coated glass which
transfers less amount of
heat in the building and
also helps in reducing
the glare of light
entering.
It is used in
skyscrapers as glass
facades in modern
buildings, conservatory
roofs, air conditioned
malls and showrooms.
 Glass Types:
Low-Emissivity (Low-E) Glass
Has excellent
thermal insulation
properties. It allows
only visible light to
enter the room and thus
gives protection from
UV and infrared rays. In
cold climates, they help
in maintaining the
temperature of interior
and provide energy
efficient solution.
 Glass Types:
Solar Control – Low E Glass
Solar Control
Low-E glass blocks
solar radiation, as well
as provides thermal
insulation.
An interesting
example of its
application is Burj
Khalifa, where this
glass is used to
decrease the air
conditioning cost.
DETERMINATION
OF SAFE
THICKNESS OF
GLASS
Determination of Safe Thickness
of Glass
▪ Once the type of glass to be used is selected,
section deals with the determination of
appropriate thickness of glass. The thickness of
the glass to be used in window panels is
governed by the following factors:
i. Area to be covered by the window panel.
ii. Support conditions (supported on two
sides or four sides).
iii. Aspect ratio of window panel
(length/breadth).
iv. Effective wind pressure at the window
Determination of Safe Thickness
of Glass
▪ Once the type of glass to be used is selected,
section deals with the determination of
appropriate thickness of glass. The thickness of
the glass to be used in window panels is
governed by the following factors:
i. Area to be covered by the window panel.
ii. Support conditions (supported on two
sides or four sides).
iii. Aspect ratio of window panel
(length/breadth).
iv. Effective wind pressure at the window
Determination of Safe Thickness
of Glass
v. Strength/load bearing capacity of glass
to be used.
▪ The salient features of the procedure are as
follows:
◦ The maximum area of glass panel is
restricted to 15 sq. meters.
◦ The maximum span of window is
restricted to 4 meters.
◦ Aspect ratio of the glass panel should be
greater than 1.5. If it is less than 1.5, next
higher available thickness should be selected.
Determination of Safe Thickness
of Glass
◦ The factor of safety used is 2.5
considering the variability in strength of glass.
◦ Applicable to normal, reflective,
laminated, tempered and insulating glass.
◦ Applicable to rectangular panels properly
fixed.
BASIC MEASURES IN
PROTECTING GLASS
STRUCTURES
 Basic Measures in Protecting
Glass Structures
▪ Application of chemically tempered glass
with the polycarbonate core, allowing
additional safety and durability.
▪ Application of multi-layered glass, with at
least one layer of semi-tempered glass,
which will prevent the unwanted
displacement of glass panel in case of
breakage.
 Basic Measures in Protecting
Glass Structures

▪ In case of point supported glass façades,

prevention of failure chain reaction by
independent support of glass panels in
vertical rows, with regular distribution of
stress in case of breakage of some of the
panels, transferring the load horizontally to
adjacent panels.
 Basic Measures in Protecting
Glass Structures
▪ In case of point supported glass façades,
if possible, provide a central suspension
point for the topmost panel in a row,
providing an absolutely vertical position.
▪ In case of multi-layered glass, it is good
practice to use one additional layer on the
glass than what is required by the static
design.
 ADVANTAGES OF
GLASS AS BUILDING
MATERIAL
 Advantages of Glass as a
building Material
1. Glass absorbs, refracts or emits light.

2. Glass transmits up to 80% of available natural

day light in both directions without any
yellowing, clouding or weathering.
3. Glass is fully weather-resistant.

4. Glass does not rust.

5. Glass has a smooth glossy surface.

6. Glass allows natural light to enter the house even if

doors/windows are closed.
 Advantages of Glass as a
building Material
7. It is an excellent insulator against
electricity.
8. Available in varieties of colors.
9. It can be blown, drawn and pressed to any
shape.
10. Glass provides an ideal way to showcase a
product.
11. It is 100% recyclable.
12. Glass is UV stable.
13. Glass is an excellent abrasion
resistant.
14. Glass is stable over a wide range of
temperature.
 Advantages of Glass as a
building Material
15. It is unaffected by noise, air, water and most of
the acids.
16. Glass has the ability to make the structure look
more stunning, sophisticated and adds beauty to the
building.
17. Glass saves space.
DISADVANTAGES OF
GLASS AS BUILDING
MATERIAL
 Disadvantages of Glass as a
building Material
1. Manufacturing of glass is high energy
consuming.
2. Glass if a very rigid and brittle material.

3. Glass is less impact resistant.

4. Glass is affected by external

hydrofluoric acid.
5. Glass is affected by alkalis ions.

6. Glass offers superior transparency of heat.

 Disadvantages of Glass as a
building Material
7. Use of glass also enhances the cost of
security.
8. Glass is unsafe for earthquake prone areas.
9. Glass is poor in terms of heat preservation.
10. Glass provides an ideal way to showcase a
product.
11. It is 100% recyclable.
12. Its cost as a façade is equal to painting
expenses.
13. Glass absorbs heat.
14. Glare is a major problem in glass façade
building.
 GLASS
STRUCTURES
The Botanical Garden of Curitiba, Brazil
The Botanical Garden of Curitiba, Brazil
Kanagawa Institute of Technology Workshop
Philip Johnson’s Glass House
Bloch Building at the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art
National Grand Theater of China