Bellringer

What is the largest vein in your

body?
What am I learning?
The Circulatory and
Cardiovascular Systems
 Why?

The cardiovascular/circulatory
systems are important
because they supply your
organs with oxygen and
nutrients so your organs can
do their jobs.
 How?
Describe the organs and their
jobs that are part of the
cardiovascular/circulatory
system and how those organs
interact with other systems.
Circulatory System
Blood
Flow
Summary
Blood
Vessel
s

The Blood

The
Hear
t
You Gotta Have Heart
The Circulatory System
 Circulatory System Consists
of…
■Blood Vessels

■Blood

■Heart
 Overview
Circulatory System
■ Transport system that uses blood to carry
nutrients and oxygen to the cells of the
body.
■ Carries waste products such as carbon
dioxide away from the cells.
■ Transports chemical messages between
cells in different parts of the body.
■ Carries cells and substances that fight
disease.
 Overview
■The Heart pumps blood
through the body through
blood vessels (arteries,
capillaries and veins)
■Arteries take blood away
from the heart, veins return
blood to the heart
■The lungs are not part of
the circulatory system!!
Circulatory System
BLOOD VESSELS
 Two Pathways
■Pulmonary
Circulation
– Carries blood to lungs
and back

■Systemic Circulation
– Carries blood to body
and back
 Your Blood Vessels:
Pathway of Circulation
■ 3 types of vessels
– Arteries (mostly
shown as Red
because blood has
O2)
– Capillaries (Red
and Blue because
some O2 lost to
tissues)
– Veins (mostly
 Red Blood and Blue Blood
■Blood is never blue!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
■Oxygenated blood is bright red and
deoxygenated blood is dark red.
■Red blood cells carry oxygen to the
cells of the body and carries carbon
dioxide away.
■White blood cells help the body fight
disease by attacking invading
microorganisms and making antibodies
to fight infection.
■
 Arteries vs. Veins
What you need to know about
the STRUCTURAL differences
between Arteries and Veins:

- Artery walls are much

thicker, are very elastic and
have more muscle

- Veins are thin walled and

contain valves to push the
blood along
 Arteries vs. Veins
■Why are arteries and veins
the way they are?
– Blood is under very high
pressure when it leaves the
heart and enters the arteries
▪ Therefore, arteries need to be
strong!!
– Once it has left the tissues and
enters the veins, the blood is
under very low pressure
▪ Therefore, veins are weak
 Arteries:
Carry blood Away from heart

– Large
– Thick-walled, Muscular
– Elastic
– Oxygenated blood
▪ Exception Pulmonary Artery
– Carried under great pressure
– Steady pulsating (used to measure
pulse)
Arterioles: smaller vessels, enter tissue
 The Aorta – The
Largest Blood Vessel
■Your body’s largest
artery
■Has a diameter of
about 1 inch
■Supplies blood to the
heart, head, neck,
arms, chest, stomach,
kidneys, intestines,
and the legs
The Aorta – The largest blood vessel

Blood Vessel Animation

 Veins:
Carry blood to the heart

– Carries blood that

contains waste and CO2
▪ Exception pulmonary vein
– Blood under low pressure
– Valves to prevent back
flow due to gravity

Venules: small veins, larger

than capillaries

Mechanism of Vein and Varicose Veins Videos

 Capillaries

– Smallest vessel
– Microscopic
– Walls one cell
thick
– Located at the
tissue
– Nutrients and
gases (O2, CO2)
diffuse here
 Veins and Valves
■Inside the veins are
small valves
■These valves only
allow blood to flow
one way
■When you flex your
muscles, you push
the blood forward,
the valve lets the
blood flow past but
 Blood Vessels

Animation of blood flow

 Blood Vessels
Blood flow is like a round trip to grandma’s
house
- You leave your home (The Heart)
- You jump on the Highway (Arteries)
- You get off at grandma’s street (Arterioles)
- You pull in to grandma’s driveway (capillaries)
- You go inside her house (The Cell) and give her
a kiss (Glucose and Oxygen)
- You leave with leftovers (CO2)
- Get back into your car and exit driveway
(capillaries)
- You drive back along her street (Venules)
The blood vessels in your hand
 TOTD
How big is your heart?
 Bellringer
Why is exercise so important
to the health of your
cardiovascular system?
What am I learning?
Cardiovascular and circulatory
systems
 Why?
Understanding how this
system works helps us to
make sure we have a healthy
cardiovascular system.
 How?
Describe the organs and their
jobs that are part of the
cardiovascular and circulatory
systems and how those
organs work with other
systems.
Circulatory System
BLOOD
 The Blood

■Body contains 4-6

L
■Consists of
– Water
– Red Blood Cells
– Plasma
– White blood cells
– platelets
 Your Blood: Fluid Transport
Liquid Portion Carries

▪ Blood cells (made in bone

marrow)
– Erythrocytes (RBC - red blood
cells)
– Leucocytes (WBC - white
blood cells)
▪ Platelets (used to clot blood)
▪ Proteins
▪ Nutrients - Digestive System
▪ Gases - Respiratory System
 Red Blood Cells
■Transports
– Oxygen
– Carbon Dioxide
■Made in the bone
marrow – found
inside your bone
■Lives for ~120 days
■Old RBC are
destroyed in liver
and spleen
 White Blood Cells
■ Fights infections –
bacteria and viruses
■ They remember
previous infections 🡪
vaccines
■ Created in the bone
marrow
■ Some live for
months
– Most just a few
days
 Platelets
■Platelets are for
clotting blood
– Stops your cut from
bleeding
■Produced in bone
marrow
■Short life span (1
week)
■Form a web
trapping blood cells
 Bill Nye – Blood and Circulation
Video

Download the Blood and Circulation

 Circulatory System
HEART

Heart Anatomy
 Your Heart
■The main organ of
the circulatory
system is the heart.

■Pumps blood
around your body to
keep you alive!

■If your heart stops

you will die!
 Heart:
Structure and Function

■Keeps blood
moving
■Large organ
composed of
– cardiac
muscle
– rich in
mitochondria
 The Structures of the Heart
Aorta – Artery that supplies the Gets Oxygen-
Vena Cava Rich blood
Vein that brings body with Oxygen-Rich Blood
from the Lungs
oxygen-poor
blood from the
body to the heart

Pulmonary
Arteries Pulmonary
Sends Oxygen- Pulmonary Arteries Veins
Bring oxygen-poor blood Bring oxygen-
Poor blood to the to the lungs
Lungs rich blood from
the lungs to the
left atrium
Receives
Oxygen-
Poor blood
from the
body
Sends Oxygen-
Rich blood to
the body
Sends
Oxygen-Poor
blood to the
lungs
 Structure of Heart (cont)
■Four chambers
– Two upper
(Atria)
▪Walls thinner
▪Less
muscular
– Two lower
(Ventricles)
▪Walls thicker
▪More muscular
Heart▪Structure
Do more work
Animation
 Both ventricles contract
Right ventricle contracts and
pushes oxygen-poor blood
toward lungs
▪through the pulmonary arteries
Bloods Path Through the Heart
Left ventricle contracts and forces
oxygen rich blood out of heart
▪ Through the aorta (largest vessel)
 Control of the Heart
■The Heart is controlled
by nerves and
hormones:
Nerves:
– Its own nerves 🡪
Pacemaker which keeps
a constant beat
▪ Heart will beat even if it is
disconnected from the
brain
▪ Can
- The be substituted
Brain by an (exercise) or slow
🡪 can speed-up
downartificial pacemaker
the heart (sleep) if needed
 Your Heart: The Vital Pump
■At REST, the heart
beats about 60-80
times per minute
(~4.7L)

■During EXTREME
EXERTION (exercise),
it can beat between
150-200 times per
minute (~38L)
The Cardiac Cycle
Blood Flow Song | How Blood Flows Through the Heart
 TOTD
List the three parts of the
cardiovascular system and
their job.